12.7.2 Human Excretion: Urinary System Structure Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 12.7.2 Human Excretion: Urinary System Structure Deck (12)
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1
Q

Human Excretion: Urinary System Structure

A
  • The excretory system functions in the disposal of metabolic wastes and in maintaining a proper fluid balance in the body.
  • The kidneys, a major component of the excretory system, are located on the dorsal body wall and function in the filtration of blood to produce urine.
  • Filtrate leaves the kidney, travels down the ureter, into the bladder, and exits the body through the urethra.
  • The kidney consists of many small filtration units called nephrons. A human kidney consists of approximately one million nephrons. A single nephron consists of a long tubule and associated capillaries.
2
Q

excretory system

A
  • The kidneys are the urine-producing organs of the
    excretory system that are located along the dorsal body wall. The renal artery delivers blood to the kidneys, where it is filtered, and the renal vein removes blood from the kidneys, where it will eventually return to the heart. Urine then travels from the kidneys down the ureters and to the urinary bladder, where it is stored until urination.
3
Q

kidney

A
  • The kidney consists of many, small functional units called nephrons that take part in the filtration of blood. Each nephron consists of a long tubule (in which filtrate is formed) and the blood vessels that are associated with the tubule.
4
Q

tubules and vessels of nephron

A
  • The diagram to the left shows a closer view of the tubules and vessels of a nephron. Blood travels into the
    afferent arteriole and enters the glomerulus, a ball of
    capillaries that serves as a site of blood filtration (shown in the upper left portion of the diagram). Blood leaves the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole. Filtrate from the blood enters Bowman’s capsule, which is the cup-shaped, terminal end of the tubule that surrounds the glomerulus. The filtrate then travels through the tubules of the nephron and into the collecting duct, eventually forming urine.
5
Q

Which of the following describes the correct path of blood moving through the vessels surrounding a nephron?

A
  • afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, vein
6
Q

The filtration unit of the kidney is the

A
  • nephron
7
Q

All of the following statements about the kidneys are true except:

A
  • They are well protected by the rib cage
8
Q

Complete the following analogy:

Lung : pulmonary :: kidney : ?

A
  • renal
9
Q

Three tubes (or types of tubes) connect to each kidney. Which does not represent a “tube” that is directly connected to a kidney?

A
  • urethra
10
Q

All of the following statements about kidney structure are true except:

A
  • Nephrons are found only in the renal medulla.
11
Q

The kidneys remove waste products from __________ and produce __________.

A
  • blood, urine
12
Q

Nephrons are found in the

A
  • medulla

- cortex

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