2.9.1 Enzyme Action: The Induced-Fit Model Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 2.9.1 Enzyme Action: The Induced-Fit Model Deck (11)
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1
Q

catalysts

A
  • Enzymes are proteins that serve as catalysts. Catalysts speed up or slow down reactions, but remain unchanged
2
Q

induced-fit model

A
  • a model for enzyme action
3
Q

The mechanism for enzymatic action helps to explain the characteristics of enzymes:

A

• Enzymes work better as the temperature increases because molecules move faster. The enzyme quits working if the temperature gets too high because the enzyme denatures, or loses its conformational shape.
• The pH can affect the enzyme by causing the active site of the enzyme to change shape.
• Certain chemicals enhance the action of enzymes. Cofactors are molecules that an enzyme requires to work. Many vitamins are cofactors.
• Some chemicals slow down or inhibit enzymes:
- A competitive inhibitor can compete with the substrate for the active site.
- A noncompetitive inhibitor can bind to a different part of the enzyme permanently and stop enzyme function.

4
Q

active site

A
  • the place where the substrate (the reactant molecule)

fits

5
Q

induced-fit hypothesis

A
  • The substrate comes into contact with the active site, and the active site induces a fit around the substrate
6
Q

catalytic cycle

A
  • the enzyme mechanism. The substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme. The bond is broken, the
    products are released, and the enzyme remains intact.
7
Q

Enzyme specificity appears to be a function of the enzyme’s

A
  • active site
8
Q

Enzymes bind to particular substrates because

A
  • the shape and charge of the active site is complementary to the substrate
9
Q

True or false?

The active site is a rigid pocket in the enzyme that is perfectly shaped to match the shape of the substrate molecule.

A
  • false
10
Q

Non-enzymatic molecules that are close in shape to the enzyme substrate, but are non-reactive, are

A
  • competitive inhibitors
11
Q

The specificity of the active site of an enzyme is determined by the

A
  • amino acid sequence

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