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anatomy > Mammalian part 1 > Flashcards

Mammalian part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Steric hindrance

A

Limiting conformation of proteins

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2
Q

Kinase

A

adds phosphate to protein –> active

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3
Q

Phosphatase

A

Removes phosphate from protein –> inactive

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4
Q

Ubiquitin

A

Small molecule that marks cell for degradation

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5
Q

Glycolysis

A

Anaerobic, produces ATP

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6
Q

Oxidative respiration

A

Aerobic (anders verzuring) –> proton gradient

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7
Q

Conversion of proton gradient

A

ADP –> ATP, uses energy from proton gradient, inner membrane mitochondria

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8
Q

Catabolism

A

Degradation of food, aerobic and produces energy

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9
Q

Anabolism

A

Formation of larger molecules (DNA, proteins etc), releases water and needs energy

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10
Q

Histone

A

Markes what needs to be active in DNA, N-terminal tails

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11
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA + histones wrapped around it for stucture and formation of chromosome

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12
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Tightly packed DNA

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13
Q

Euchromatin

A

Less compact DNA

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14
Q

Gyrase

A

Unwinds DNA

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15
Q

Helicase

A

Breaks hydrogen bonds, separates strands

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16
Q

SBB

A

Stops re-annealing, keeps bases available

17
Q

DNA primase

A

Makes primer of RNA at origin

18
Q

DNA polymerase 3

A

Initiates at 3’ so 5’–>3’

19
Q

Exonuclease

A

removes RNA primer

20
Q

Polymerase 1

A

Fills gaps between okazaki-fragments

21
Q

DNA ligase

A

Seals gaps between okazaki-fragments

22
Q

TBP

A

Recognizes TATA, connected to TF2D

23
Q

TF2B

A

Possitions polymerase at the TATA

24
Q

TF2H

A

Opens DNA, detaches polymerase from factors

25
Q

Instrinct pathway apoptosis

A
  • Internal signal to mitochondria
  • Cytochromosome C released
  • Apaf1 activated by Cytocrome C
  • Caspase 9 activated
  • Executiones caspase activated
26
Q

G1

A

Progress or enter G0, growth in size, if restriction point is passed –> replication

27
Q

S phase

A

DNA replication (and detection damage)

28
Q

G2 phase

A

Quality control, organelle synthesis, microtubule formation

29
Q

M phase

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis

30
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes formed and toward middle

31
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes alligned and microtubules attached

32
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromatides pulles towards centrioles

33
Q

Telophase

A

Contractille ring starts to contract to make two different cells

34
Q

Cytokenesis

A

Separation of all cell components and making two seperate cells

35
Q

Cdks

A

Cyclin dependent protein kinases, activates or inactivates proteins during cell cycle

36
Q

Cyclins

A

Activates cyclins when bound, 4 classes (G1, G1/S, S, M)

anatomy (10 decks)

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