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musculoskeletal anatomy > terminology, joint structure, function > Flashcards

terminology, joint structure, function Flashcards

1
Q

kinesiology

A

how the body moves

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2
Q

why are bones different shapes and sizes

A

built for different functions

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3
Q

anatomical position

A

feet erect, facing forward, palms out, thumbs lateral

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4
Q

anterior or ventral

A

front

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5
Q

posterior or dorsal

A

back

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6
Q

inferior or caudal

A

below

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7
Q

superior or cephalic

A

above

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8
Q

distal

A

far

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9
Q

proximal

A

close

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10
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

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11
Q

medial

A

towards middle

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12
Q

median

A

middle/midline

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13
Q

contralateral

A

opposite

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14
Q

ipsolateral

A

same

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15
Q

bilateral

A

both

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16
Q

deep

A

further in

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17
Q

superficial

A

further out

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18
Q

prone

A

laying face down

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19
Q

supine

A

lay on bacl

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20
Q

palmar

A

palm

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21
Q

volar

A

back of hand

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22
Q

plantar

A

sole of foot

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23
Q

axial skeleton

A

cephalic, cervical, trunk

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24
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

upper and lower limbs

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25
Q

skeletal functions (5)

A

protection, support, movement, mineral storage, hemopoiesis

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26
Q

types of bones (5)

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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27
Q

example of sesamoid bone

A

patella (knee cap)

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28
Q

typical bony features (5)

A

diaphysis, cortex, periosteum, endosperm, medullary cavity

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29
Q

epiphysis

A

bony surface, hyaline cartilage

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30
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilaginous to bony

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31
Q

resilient and absorbs force on ends of bones

A

articular/hyaline cartilage

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32
Q

endochondral bones develop from

A

hyaline cartilage

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33
Q

endochondral bones grow ____

A

rapidly

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34
Q

collagen

A

deform like balloons, gives rigity for force

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35
Q

calcaneous

A

spongey

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36
Q

what influences bone size and shape

A

forces

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37
Q

Wolffs law

A

provide force to joint to form bone

38
Q

processes that form joints (3)

A

condyle, facet, head

39
Q

processes to which ligaments, muscles or tendons attach (9)

A

crest, epicondyle, line, process, spine, suture, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity

40
Q

cavities including opening and grooves (7)

A

facet, foramen, fossa, fovea, meatus, sinus, sulcus

41
Q

articulation

A

joint–bones coming together

42
Q

3 major classifications of joints

A

synarthrodial, amphiarthrodial, diarthrodial

43
Q

synarthrodial

A

no movement

44
Q

amphiarthrodial

A

slight movement

45
Q

diarthrodial

A

synovial, freely moveable

46
Q

examples of synarthrodial

A

suture, gomphosis

47
Q

example of amphiarthrodial

A

syndesmosis, symphysis, synchondrosis

48
Q

diarthrodial have a joint ___ with ___ fluid and ___ cartilage

A

capsule, synovial, hyaline

49
Q

motions in 1 plane, __ DOF; 2 planes __ DOF; 3 planes __ DOF

A

1,2,3

50
Q

example of 2 DOF

A

knee

51
Q

example of 3 DOF

A

shoulder, hip

52
Q

6 types of diarthodial

A

arthrodial, ginglymus, trochoid, condyloid, enarthrodial, sellar

53
Q

arthodial

A

gliding

54
Q

ginglymus

A

hinge

55
Q

trochoid

A

pivot

56
Q

condyloif

A

no rotation

57
Q

enarthodial

A

ball and socket

58
Q

sellar

A

saddle

59
Q

condyloid DOF

A

2

60
Q

enarthrodial DOF

A

3

61
Q

sellar DOF

A

2

62
Q

how do we measure joint motion or angles

A

goneometer

63
Q

range of motion: hyper

A

more mobility, “double jointed”

64
Q

range of motion: hypo

A

less mobility

65
Q

abduction

A

out from midline

66
Q

adduction

A

in towards midline

67
Q

flexion

A

forward

68
Q

extenstion

A

back

69
Q

circumduction is a combination of

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

70
Q

eversion

A

sole out

71
Q

inversion

A

sole in

72
Q

dorsal flexion or dorsiflexion

A

foot up at ankle

73
Q

plantar flexion

A

foot down at ankle

74
Q

pronation and supination of the ankle happens at what joint

A

subtaylor

75
Q

shoulder girdle: depression /elevation

A

shoulder raises and lowers

76
Q

shoulder girdle protraction and retraction movement

A

rows

77
Q

shoulder girdle rotation downward/upward

A

raise arm, overall function of shoulder joint

78
Q

spine reduction

A

retraction/protrusion; neck/head forward and backwards

79
Q

thumb opposition

A

thumb touches pinky

80
Q

physiological movements

A

normal, hyper, hypo

81
Q

osteokinematic motion

A

bone movement

82
Q

arthrokinematics

A

joint movement

83
Q

accessary motions

A

compensations

84
Q

3 basic planes of motion

A

sagittal, lateral/frontal, transverse/horizontal

85
Q

movements in the sagittal plane

A

flexion/extension

86
Q

movements in the frontal plane

A

ab/adduction, inversion/eversion

87
Q

axis in sagittal plane

A

mediolateral

88
Q

flexion and extension occur around the ____ axis

A

mediolateral

89
Q

frontal plane goes with the ____ axis

A

anteroposterior

90
Q

anteroposterior axis movements

A

ab/adduction

91
Q

transverse plane axis

A

longitudinal

92
Q

internal and external rotation occurs on the ____ plane

A

longitudinal

musculoskeletal anatomy (13 decks)

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