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musculoskeletal anatomy > ankle and foot > Flashcards

ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

how many large muscles in the foot/ankle

A

19

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2
Q

3 main ankle bones

A

tibia, fibula, talus

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3
Q

motions of the foot/ankle

A

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion

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4
Q

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion happen in the ___ plane around the ____ axis

A

sagittal
medio-lateral

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5
Q

intrinsic muscle location

A

close to the joint

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6
Q

main functions of the ankle and foot joints

A

support, proulsion

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7
Q

how many bones in each foot

A

26

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8
Q

rear foot bones

A

calcaneous, talus

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9
Q

mid foot bones

A

tarsals

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10
Q

forefoot bones

A

metatarsals and phalanges

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11
Q

sesamoid bones in the foot function

A

pulley for flexor tendon

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12
Q

purpose of fibula

A

muscle attachment

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13
Q

purpose of tibia

A

weight bearing

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14
Q

purpose of fibula and tibia

A

stability

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15
Q

which bone in the foot is vulnerable for fracture

A

base of the 5th metatarsal

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16
Q

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion happens from which joint

A

talocrural

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17
Q

talocrural joint type

A

hinge

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18
Q

eversion and inversion occurs from which joint

A

subtalor

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19
Q

eversion and inversion occurs in the ___ plane around the ___ axis

A

frontal
AP

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20
Q

splay

A

separate toes

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21
Q

the ankle has a special ___ motion

A

triplanar

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22
Q

pronation of foot

A

arch is a little flatter, towards medial side

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23
Q

supination of foot

A

towards lateral side

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24
Q

tibiofibular joint type

A

symphysis

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25
Q

how many tibiofibular joints

A

2 on each side, superior and inferior

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26
Q

what holds the tibiofibular joint bones together

A

joint syndesmosis

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27
Q

what is a joint syndesmosis

A

thick fascia

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28
Q

high ankle sprain

A

inferior tibiofibular joint gets separated
from rotation
tibia and leg rotate in and toes rotate out

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29
Q

true ankle joint

A

talocrural joint

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30
Q

talocrural joint type

A

hinge

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31
Q

talocrural joint articulation

A

fibula, talus, tibia

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32
Q

talocrural joint plantar flexion ___ degrees

A

50

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33
Q

talocrural joint dorsiflexion __ degrees

A

15-20

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34
Q

talocrural joint PF and DF degree of motion is dictated by

A

shape of talus

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35
Q

movements from talocrural joint

A

PF, DF, fibular rotation

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36
Q

subtaylor and transverse tarsal joints type

A

special triplanar

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37
Q

inversion __ degrees

A

20-30

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38
Q

eversion ___ degrees

A

5-15

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39
Q

what blocks some eversion motion

A

lateral malleolus

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40
Q

lateral ankle sprain motions

A

inversion, plantarflexion

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41
Q

anterior talofibular ligament

A

front, fibula, talus

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42
Q

posterior tibiofibular ligament

A

back, talus, fibula

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43
Q

calcaneofibular ligament

A

calcareous, fibula

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44
Q

medial ankle sprain motion

A

eversion

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45
Q

medial ankle sprain is bad because

A

can cause fallen arch

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46
Q

deltoid ligament made of (4)

A

posterior tibiotaylor ligament
tibiocalcaneal ligament
tibionavicular ligament
anterior tibiotaylor ligament

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47
Q

intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints type

A

synovial plane
gliding motion

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48
Q

lisfranc sprain

A

“key stone” second cuneiform

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49
Q

metatarsophalangeal joints type

A

elipsoid, 2 planes

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50
Q

1st metatarsophalangeal joint flexes ___ degrees and extends __ degrees

A

45, 70

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51
Q

MP degrees of four lesser toes
___ degrees of flexion
___ degrees of extension

A

40
40

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52
Q

1st IP joint flexes from __ degrees of full extension to ___ of flexion

A

0, 90

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53
Q

proximal IP (PIP) joint in toes 2-5 flex from ___ degrees of extension to ___ of flexion

A

0, 35

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54
Q

distal IP (DIP) joint flex __ degrees and extend __ degrees

A

60, 30

55
Q

great toe ___ joint

A

1

56
Q

lesser 4 toes ___ joints

A

2

57
Q

what maintains foot arches

A

ligaments in foot and ankle

58
Q

2 longitudinal arches

A

medial and lateral

59
Q

which bone is the “key stone”

A

navicular

60
Q

want medial longitudinal arch to be

A

normal

61
Q

want transverse arch to be

A

stable

62
Q

plantar fascia

A

medial calcanea tuberosity to proximal phalanges of toes

63
Q

plantar fascia function

A

assist in stabilizing the medial longitudinal arch, propelling body forward

64
Q

plantar fasciitis happens from

A

not distributing forces properly
rigid, flat foot arch
common in the summer

65
Q

plantar fasciitis happens from

A

not distributing forces properly
rigid, flat foot arch
common in the summer

66
Q

lower leg divided into __ compartments

A

4

67
Q

dense fascia function

A

wrap around, container (hold)

68
Q

anterior compartment contains

A

tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorium longus, extensor hallucis longus

69
Q

lateral compartment contains

A

peroneus longus and brevis

70
Q

superficial posterior compartment contains

A

gastroc, coleus, plantaris

71
Q

anterior compartment function

A

extensors, dorsiflexion, toe flexion

72
Q

superior posterior compartment function

A

point toes, plantar flexion

73
Q

deep posterior compartment contains

A

flexor digitorium longus, flexor hallicus longus, popliteus, tibialis posterior

74
Q

deep posterior compartment acronym

A

dick harry (Paul) tom

75
Q

compartment syndrome

A

fascia gets distrusted
blood gets trapped in, pressure raises

76
Q

compartment syndrome most common in

A

baseball, softball, runners

77
Q

compartment can be

A

acute or chronic

78
Q

compartment syndrome can occur from

A

secondarily to injury, trauma, overuse

79
Q

compartment syndrome symptoms

A

5 Ps
pain, pallor, pulselesness, parastegia, poikelothermia

80
Q

concern of compartment syndrome

A

too much pressure, neuromuscular compromise, could lead to amputation

81
Q

what are shin splints really

A

medial tibialis post
lateral tibialis ant

82
Q

shin splints can be partially prevented by

A

stretching, arch support, correct running form

83
Q

medial and lateral plantar nerves innervate what muscles

A

intrinsic foot muscles

84
Q

tibia division of sciatic nerve innervates

A

gastroc, soleus, tibialis post, flexor digitorium longus, flexor hallucis longus

85
Q

superficial peroneal nerve innervates

A

peroneus longus and brevis

86
Q

deep peroneal nerve innervates

A

tib anterior, extensor digit, extensor hallicus, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorium

87
Q

gastroc origin

A

femur condyles

88
Q

gastroc insertion

A

calcaneus

89
Q

gastroc motion

A

plantar flexion

90
Q

soleus origin

A

posterior surfaces of tibia and fibula

91
Q

soleus insertion

A

calcaneus

92
Q

soleus motion

A

plantar flexion

93
Q

peroneus longus origin

A

lateral fibula

94
Q

peroneus longus insertion

A

undersurface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal

95
Q

peroneus longus motion

A

eversion

96
Q

peroneus brevis origin

A

lateral surface fibula

97
Q

peroneus brevis insertion

A

tuberosity of faith metatarsal

98
Q

peroneus brevis motion

A

eversion

99
Q

peroneus tertius origin

A

distal anterior fibula

100
Q

peroneus tertius insertion

A

base of fifth metatarsal

101
Q

peroneus tertius motion

A

eversion

102
Q

extensor digitorium longus origin (2)

A

tibial condyle
head of fibula, upper anterior fibula

103
Q

extensor digitorum longus insertion

A

tops of middle and distal phalanges of four lesser toes

104
Q

extensor digitorum motion

A

extension of four lesser toes
dorsiflexion ankle

105
Q

extensor hallucis origin

A

middle two thirds anterior fibula

106
Q

extensor hallucis insertion

A

top of base of distal phalanx of great toe

107
Q

extensor hallucis motion

A

dorsiflexion
extension of great toe

108
Q

tibialis anterior origin

A

lateral tibia

109
Q

tibialis anterior insertion

A

medial cuneiform, base of first metatarsal

110
Q

tibialis anterior motion

A

dorsiflexion

111
Q

tibialis posterior origin

A

posterior interosseous membrane, tibia/fibula

112
Q

tibialis posterior insertion

A

lower inner surfaces of navicular and cuneiform, bases of lesser 4 metatarsals

113
Q

tibialis posterior motion

A

plantar flexion

114
Q

flexor digitorium longus origin

A

posterior tibia

115
Q

flexor digitorium longus insertion

A

distal phalanx lesser 4 toes

116
Q

flexor digitorium longus motion

A

flexion of 4 lesser toes

117
Q

flexor hallucis longus origin

A

posterior fibula

118
Q

flexor hallucis longus insertion

A

distal phalanx of large toe

119
Q

flexor hallucis longus motion

A

flexion of great toe

120
Q

extensor digitorium us on ___ of foot

A

dorm

121
Q

intrinsic muscles of the foot are grouped by

A

action

122
Q

4 muscles act on great toe

A

abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis, extensor digitorium brevis

123
Q

lumbricales

A

flexors of lesser 4 toes at MP joints

124
Q

quadrates plantae

A

flexors of lesser 4 toes at DIP joints

125
Q

plantar interossei

A

adductors and flexors of proximal phalanges of 3-5

126
Q

dorsal interossei

A

abductors and flexors of 2-4 at MP joints

127
Q

5th toe muscles

A

abductor digiti minimi abducts
flexor digiti minimi brevis flexes

128
Q

ankle dorsiflexion agonists

A

tib anterior, extensor digitorium, peroneus tertiaris

129
Q

plantar flexion agonists

A

gastroc, soleus

130
Q

inversion agonists

A

tib anterior, posterior

131
Q

eversion agonists

A

peroneus longus, brevis, tertiaris, extensor digitorium

132
Q

toe flexion agonists

A

flexor hallucis, flexor digitorium

133
Q

toe extension agonists

A

extensor hallicus, digitorium

musculoskeletal anatomy (13 decks)

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