Molecular Diagnostics Replication, Transcription, and Translation

Question 1

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 1

DNA encodes RNA and RNA encodes proteins

Question 2

Who proposed the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 2

Francis Crick

Question 3

What is reverse transcription?

Answer 3

When retroviruses transcribe RNA into DNA using the enzyme reverse transcriptase

Question 4

Which enzyme replicates DNA?

Answer 4

DNA polymerase III

Question 5

DNA is replicated by DNA polymerase III in a ___’ to ___’ direction

Answer 5

5’ to 3’

Question 6

The process of DNA replication is often condensed to what 3 parts?

Answer 6

-Initiation
-Elongation
-Termination

Question 7

What enzyme initiates DNA replication?

Answer 7

Helicase

Question 8

Which enzyme begins the elongation part of DNA replication?

Answer 8

DNA polymerase III

Question 9

What terminates DNA replication?

Answer 9

DNA polymerase I removing RNA primers and ligase gluing the Okazaki fragments together

Question 10

Terminology:
-RNA synthesis
-DNA information transcribed to a new strand of RNA

Answer 10

Transcription

Question 11

When DNA is transcribed to a new strand of RNA, which type of RNA is made?

Answer 11

mRNA (messenger)

Question 12

What starts the process of transcription?

Answer 12

RNA polymerase

Question 13

TRUE or FALSE:
The CODING strand is also the known as the TEMPLATE strand in transcription

Answer 13

False, the coding strand is the non-template strand

Question 14

TRUE or FALSE:
the new mRNA strand carries the same information as the non-template strand

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Transcription:
Non-coding section of mRNA = _________

Answer 15

Intron

Question 16

Transcription:
Coding section of mRNA = __________

Answer 16

Exon

Question 17

What takes the introns out of mRNA, leaving only exons?

Answer 17

Splicesomes

Question 18

What completes mRNA once introns are removed?

Answer 18

a 5’ cap and a poly-A tail

Question 19

Why is the poly-A tail important?

Answer 19

They can be utilized with spin columns in solid-phase extraction

Question 20

Terminology:
Process of synthesizing a protein from a messenger RNA template

Answer 20

Translation

Question 21

What are 3 nucleotides that encode for 1 amino acid known as?

Answer 21

Codon or triplett

Question 22

Where does translation occur?

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

What 3 nucleotides that make up the start codon?

Answer 23

AUG

Question 24

What are the 3 stop codons?

Answer 24

-UAA
-UAG
-UGA

Question 25

What does the start codon - UAG - code for?

Answer 25

Methionine

Question 26

Terminology:
DNA information transcribed to RNA in the nucleus; results in mRNA

Answer 26

Transcription

Question 27

Terminology:
mRNA in the cytoplasm serves as a template to build proteins

Answer 27

Translation