DNA and RNA

Question 1

Full form of DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

Full Form of RNA

Answer 2

Ribonucleic Acid

Question 3

DNA and RNA are polymer chains made up of monomers called…..?

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

How do Nucleotides look like?

Answer 4

A phosphate group (circle) connected to a sugar group (pentagon) connected to a nitrogenous base (rectangle)

Question 5

Nucleotides join together to form strands through what process?

Answer 5

Condesnation Polymerisation Reaction

Water is formed as a biproduct

Question 6

What is the difference between DNA nucelotide and RNA nucleotide?

Answer 6

A DNA nucleotide’s sugar group is called deoxyribose and has one less oxygen than an RNA sugar group which is called ribose

Question 7

The covalent bond between a sugar group and phosphate group is called what?

Answer 7

Phosphodiester bond

Question 8

What are the 4 DNA bases?

Answer 8

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine

Question 9

What are the 4 RNA Bases

Answer 9

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine

Question 10

Describe the shape and direction of a DNA molecule

Answer 10

DNA is double stranded molecule shaped as a double helix and the strands run anti-parallel to each other

Question 11

What causes DNA between individuals to be different?

Answer 11

The different order of bases

Question 12

What is the direction of each DNA strand?

Answer 12

Goes in a 5’ to a 3’ direction while the anti-parallel strand runs in an 3’ to a 5’ direction

Question 13

How are the two DNA strands connected together in the middle?

Answer 13

Through Hydrogen Bonds

This gives DNA Double Helix shape

Question 14

Describe the shape and direction of an RNA molecule

Answer 14

Runs in a 5’ to a 3’ direction and is single stranded

Question 15

What are the 5 differences between DNA and RNA?

Answer 15

• DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded
• DNA has a base called Thymine, whilst RNA contains Uracil base instead of Thymine
• DNA contains one less oxygen than RNA in the sugar group (deoxyribose) while RNA has 1 more oxygen than DNA in th sugar group (Ribose)
• DNA is longer than RNA which is short

Question 16

What type of molecules are DNA and RNA

Answer 16

DNA and RNA are information molecules

Question 17

What is a gene?

Answer 17

A gene is a section of DNA that codes for at least one protein

Question 18

What is the useless part of DNA called?

Answer 18

Junk DNA

Question 19

Describe a gene structure

Answer 19

Promoter Region (TATA Box) - Start Triplet - Introns and Exons alternatively arranged - Terminating Sequence

Question 20

What are eukaryotes and what is special about their gene structures?

Answer 20

Eukaryotes are organisms that have cells with nucleuses, and they all share this general gene structure

Question 21

What are the 3 types of RNA?

Answer 21

1. mRNA (messenger RNA)
2. rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
3. tRNA (transfer RNA)