Digestion & Absorption II

Question 1

Saliva functions

Answer 1

moisten food
lubricate bolus
digestive enzyme action
water balance
buffering compounds
contains recycled Nitrogen and minerals

Question 2

Forestomach functions

Answer 2

store and delay passage of ingested food
anaerobic microbial fermentation of plant materials
absorption of VFA’s

Question 3

Omasum function

Answer 3

absorption of water and minerals

Question 4

abomasum function

Answer 4

produce abomasal mucosa

Question 5

proventriculus function

Answer 5

• HCL production
• Digestion of proteins

Question 6

True stomach functions

Answer 6

• Parietal cells (HCl secretion)
• Chief cells

Question 7

What is chyme?

Answer 7

semi-fluid mixture of digestive secretions and partially digested food materials

Question 8

Gizzard/Muscular stomach function

Answer 8

grinds food with previously swallowed stones and pass it back to the proventriculus and vice versa

Question 9

Pancreas functions

Answer 9

secretes digestive juices into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct

Question 10

digestive buffer

Answer 10

sodium bicarbonate

Question 11

proteases (digest proteins)

Answer 11

trypsin
chymotrypsin
carboxypeptidases

Question 12

what digests starch?

Answer 12

amylases

Question 13

what digests lipids?

Answer 13

lipases

Question 14

what does glucagon do?

Answer 14

instructs the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, makes glucose more available in bloodstream

Question 15

what does insulin do?

Answer 15

controls blood glucose levels by signaling the liver, muscle cells, and fat cells to take IN glucose from the blood

Question 16

gallbladder functions

Answer 16

store bile

Question 17

which animal lacks a gallbladder?

Answer 17

horses but they still produce bile salts

Question 18

what does the small intestine do?

Answer 18

digests and absorbs nutrients

Question 19

what does the large intestine absorb?

Answer 19

water
fermentation chamber (VFA production & absorption)

Question 20

What are the carbohydrate monosaccharides?

Answer 20

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

Question 21

What are the structural carbohydrates?

Answer 21

Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Pectin

Question 22

What is a non-structural carbohydrate?

Answer 22

starch

Question 23

Saturated fats vs Unsaturated fats

Answer 23

Saturated fats do not contain a carbon double bond
Unsaturated fats contain a double bond

Question 24

T or F: Fat is soluble in water

Answer 24

FALSE

Question 25

What is secreted from the liver that creates an aqueous environment to digest fat?

Answer 25

bile salts

Question 26

Which side of the bile salt attaches to the fat?

Answer 26

the hydrophobic region

Question 27

What are carbohydrates broken down into?

Answer 27

monosaccharides

Question 28

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 28

amino acids

Question 29

What is fat broken down into?

Answer 29

triglycerides, free fatty acids that are resynthesized in the intestinal cells

Question 30

What are fats turned into for pancreatic lipase to act on them?

Answer 30

micelles

Question 31

What are triglycerides packaged into in order to be taken up by the lymphatic system?

Answer 31

Chylomicrons

Question 32

What organ is enlarged in horses and why?

Answer 32

Horses have an enlarged cecum because they are hindgut fermenters