Protein Nutrition, Lipids

Question 1

Common lipid found in livestock feedstuffs

Answer 1

triglycerides

Question 2

Functions of lipids in the body (5)

Answer 2

structural components
protective coating
storage & transport
cell recognition
tissue immunity

Question 3

Functions of lipids in the diet

Answer 3

^increase energy density
enhance palatability
medium for dietary sources of fat-soluble vitamins

Question 4

Saturated vs Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 4

Unsaturated contains a double bond and saturated do not

Question 5

Essential fatty acid found in grains, plants and animal sources

Answer 5

Linolenic acids

Question 6

Essential fatty acid found in plants but low in animal sources

Answer 6

alpha-linolenic acids

Question 7

Essential fatty acid for obligate carnivores

Answer 7

arachidonic acid

Question 8

Signs of essential fatty acid deficiencies

Answer 8

coarse coat hair
reproductive failure
skin lesions

Question 9

what is added to tryglicerides to make them chylomicrons?

Answer 9

apolipoproteins

Question 10

what is the highest cost ingredient of diets?

Answer 10

protein

Question 11

define essential amino acid

Answer 11

cannot be synthesized by animal tissue or not at rates that are sufficient

Question 12

define non-essential amino acid

Answer 12

readily synthesized from each other

Question 13

What is the amino acid that is only essential for cats?

Answer 13

Taurine

Question 14

What is the first limiting amino acid for horses?

Answer 14

Lysine

Question 15

What is the first limiting acid for poultry?

Answer 15

Methionine

Question 16

Amino acid used for reference when formulating rations using the ideal protein concept

Answer 16

Lysine

Question 17

What are the first limiting amino acids for dairy cows?

Answer 17

Methionine and Lysine

Question 18

Although Gly can be synthesized for chickens, it’s rate of synthesis is ______ enough

Answer 18

NOT SUFFICIENT

Question 19

Balance that meet milk protein requirements in lactating dairy cows

Answer 19

microbial/bacterial protein

Question 20

two steps necessary for metabolism of lipids in the rumen

Answer 20

1. hydrolysis
2. biohydrogenation

Question 21

order of the metabolic steps of lipid metabolism (9)

Answer 21

1. Lipids rich in TAG arrive in the stomach
2. Lipids rich in TAG are emulsified by bile salts
3. TAG are broken into glycerol, MAG, and LCFA by pancreatic lipases
4. MAG and LCFA are packaged into micelles
5. Micelles release MAG and LFCA which are absorbed by intestinal cells
6. TAG resynthesized in intestinal cells
7. Apolipoproteins are added to TAG to form chylomicron
8. chylomicrons passed into circulation (lacteal system)
9. Lipases attack chylomicrons and TAG and LCFA are absorbed for energy or stored

Question 22

Name two essential fatty acids

Answer 22

linolenic acid
Alpha-linodlenic acid

Question 23

Why is HDL good cholesterol?

Answer 23

HDL takes the cholesterol away from your arteries and brings it to the liver to be broken down

Question 24

Why is LDL bad cholesterol?

Answer 24

LDL delivers the cholesterol to the heart which can cause heart failure

Question 25

Research suggests that diets rich in Omega 3 fatty acids can reduce _________ & _________

Answer 25

Blood cholesterol and blood triglyceride levels

Question 26

Define a first limiting amino acid

Answer 26

The essential AA supplied in the smallest amount relative to requirements

Question 27

Define a second limiting amino acid

Answer 27

The essential amino acid that is supplied in the second smallest amount