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PID > PID BLOCK 3- parasit > Flashcards

PID BLOCK 3- parasit Flashcards

1
Q

Phoresis

A

Association where 2 organisms merely traveling together

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2
Q

Mutualism

A

both organisms are benefited

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3
Q

Commensalism

A

one partner is benefited and the other is unaffected

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4
Q

Parasitism

A

One partner is benefited, the other is harmed

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5
Q

Host

A

the partner who is harmed in parasitism

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6
Q

Parasite

A

the partner who is benefited in parasitism

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7
Q

Definitive host

A

harbors adult (sexual) stage of a parasite

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8
Q

Intermediate host

A

harbors larval (asexual) stage of a parasite

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9
Q

Paratenic host

A

harbors a parasite that does not undergo required development

a transfer host

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10
Q

Reservoir

A

an animal host that serves to maintain the parasites life cycle in nature

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11
Q

Incidental host

A

unusual host, unnecessary for the maintenance of the parasite in nature

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12
Q

Obligate parasite

A

totally dependent upon its host

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13
Q

Temporary parasite

A

parasitic for limited periods, for feeding or repro

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14
Q

Facultative parasite

A

not normally parasitic but can survive for a limited period when they accidently find themselves within another organism

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15
Q

Ectoparasite

A
  • lives on host
  • causes infestations

Ex: lice

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16
Q

Endoparasite

A
  • lives in host
  • causes infections
17
Q

Protozoa

A

multiply in definitive host

  • single celled, nucleated

Locomotion by pseudopodia, flagella, cilia

18
Q

6 types of parasites

A
  1. Nematodes
  2. Cestodes
  3. Trematodes
  4. Insects
  5. Arachnids
  6. Protozoa
19
Q

Nematodes

A

Roundworms

-round, cylindrical
- complete alimentary canal
- celom, body cavity
- sexes usually separate

20
Q

Cestodes

A

Tapeworms

  • flat, no colem (body cavity)
  • no alimentary canal
  • hermaphroditic
  • Scolex (head) with 4 suckers or bothria
  • Strobila (body) w head, neck, and proglottids (segments)
  • parasitic with indirect life cycle
21
Q

Vector

A

object or organism that transmits parasite from host to host

Biological or Mechanical

22
Q

Mechanical Vector

A

transmits parasite unchanged from host to host

23
Q

Biological vector

A

parasite multiplies or develops

24
Q

Helminths

A

adult worms dont multiply in definitive host

Worms die over time unless host is re-exposed, metazoans

Severity proportional to worm load

Ex: Nematode, cestode, trematode

25
Q

Conditions required for endemic parasitism

A
  1. Reservoir of infection
  2. Means of transmission to susceptibile host
  3. Ability to invade and establish in new host
  4. Ability to reproduce
26
Q

Trematodes

A

Flukes

  • dorso ventrally flattened, leaf like
  • incomplete alimentary canal
  • no celom
  • Hermaphroditic
  • Oral and ventral suckers for attachment
27
Q

Types of arachnids

A
  1. Ticks
  2. Mites
28
Q

Types of insects?

A
  1. Flies
  2. Fleas
  3. Lice
  4. Hemiptera
29
Q

Identification of insects

A

Adults: 3 pairs of legs

Has a head, thorax and abdomen

Antenna

Ex: flies, fleas, lice, Hemiptera

30
Q

Identification of arachnids

A

Nymphs and adults: 4 pairs of legs

Larvae: 3 pairs of legs

Body: cephalo-thorax + abdomen

No antenna

Palps

31
Q

Identification of mites

A

microscopic, <1 mm

scaley body, spines, setae (hairs)

legs have claws or suckers to attach to host

32
Q

What are the 3 groups of eukaryotic organisms that affect health and wellbeing of animals?

A
  1. Protozoa
  2. Helminths
  3. Arthropods
33
Q

Routes of parasite entry

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Skin/ mucosal penetration
  3. Transplacental
  4. Transmammary (milk)
  5. Arthropod bite (vector)
  6. Sexual intercourse
34
Q

Attachment to host via…

A
  1. Oral cavity (capsule)
  2. Attachment organs
  3. Suction disk
  4. Biting mouthparts
  5. Direct penetration
35
Q

Cell and tissue damage

A
  • Mechanical damage
  • Toxic products
  • Immunopathologic rxns
36
Q

Mechanical tissue damage

A
  1. Blockage of internal organs
  2. Pressure atrophy
  3. Migration through tissues
37
Q

Toxic parasitic products

A
  1. Destructive enzymes: hookworms
  2. Endotoxins: malaria
  3. Toxic secretions: tick paralysis
38
Q

What parasite causes nutrient loss?

A

Hookworm

PID (13 decks)

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