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PID > Phenotypic Methods- Dr Becker > Flashcards

Phenotypic Methods- Dr Becker Flashcards

1
Q

What are phenotypic characteristics?

A

Observable characteristics of microorganisms

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2
Q

True or False: A virus can be seen on light microscope

A

False

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3
Q

Disadvantages of microscope identification

A
  • Mild/ chronic infection may not be detected
  • Not all specimens can be used (Ex: fecal sample)
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4
Q

Advantages of microscope identification

A
  1. Determines cell/tissue morphology
  2. Cellular ass. of pathogens
  3. Impression of disease stage and severity
  4. Rapid and immediate analysis
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5
Q

Concentration technique

A

Used for parasite diagnosis

Ex: Feces, Vomit, Sputum

Flotation, Sedimentation, and Baermann test for larval identification

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6
Q

Baermann test

A

Conc. Technique

Uses a funnel to test larval identification

Warm water stimulates larvae

Method to extract nematode larvae from poop

Ex: lungworm larvae

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7
Q

McMaster egg counting slide

A

Determines egg types and level of infection (eggs per gram of feces)

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8
Q

Simple stain

A

uses 1 dye

Disadvantage: may not stain all components, difficult interpretation

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9
Q

Differential stain

A

uses more than 1 dye

more precise

Disadvantage: multistep, more time + reagents

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10
Q

Positive simple stain vs negative simple stain

A

Positive: stains cell

Negative: background is stained, cell structure is clear

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11
Q

H & E stain

A

detection of viral inclusion bodies

aggregates of proteins, represents site of viral replication

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12
Q

Hematoxylin

A

Basic stain, stains acidic components like nuclei

appears purple

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13
Q

Eosin

A

Acidic stain, stains basic components like cytoplasm and muscle and red blood cells

appears pink

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14
Q

Romanowsky stain

A

Diff quick stain

Histological staining for rapid staining

Modified Wright-Giemsa stain, studies pathogenic bacteria to cells

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15
Q

Gram stain

A

Differentiates gram + and gram - bacteria, targets peptidoglycans

Gram + is purple

Gram - is pink

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16
Q

Acid fast stain

A

Stains organisms w impenetrable cell wall

Ex: Mycobacterium, Cryptosporidium

17
Q

Capsule Stain

A

negative staining technique

uses nigrosine or congo red

Stained cells but unstained capsule

Ex: Bacillus anthracis, Klebsiella, Clostridium

18
Q

Flagella Stain

A

flagella are thickened with mordant

19
Q

Endospore stain

A

spores are dyed by heating malachite green

20
Q

Fungal and parasite stains

A
  1. Lactophenol Cotton Blue Stain
  2. Gomori Methenamine Silver
  3. Periodic acid Schiff
  4. Wheatleys Trichome stain
21
Q

Lactophenol Cotton Blue stain

A

cotton blue stains chitin in cell wall of fungi

fungal stain

22
Q

Drawbacks of culture methods

A

Time consuming

Expensive

Unculturable bacteria

23
Q

What does culturing allow?

A

Identification

Assessment of AMR

Ability of microbe to cause disease

In depth studies of microbial characteristics and genetics

24
Q

Fastidious bacteria

A

requires specific nutrients and culture conditions

25
Q

Culture broth

A

Nutrient broth

Enrichment broth: increases number of specific bacteria, enhances growth

26
Q

Bacterial colony

A

Visable mass of bacteria originating from single mother cell

27
Q

Basic nutrient media

A

Ex:

Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA)

Luria Bertani agar

Mueller-Hinton agar

28
Q

Enriched nutrient media

A

Ex:

Blood agar

Brain heart infusion agar

Chocolate agar

Lysed blood agar

29
Q

Selective nutrient media for Gram +

A

Phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA)

30
Q

Selective for fungi

A

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA)

31
Q

Selective for gram neg organisms

A

Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB)

32
Q

Types of differential media

A

Blood agar- hemolysis

MacConkey Agar

Mannitol Salt Agar

CLED agar for urinary bacteriology

33
Q

MacConkey Agar

A

differential media

Selective for gram negative

Lactose fermentation- if lactic acid forms plate will show PINK colonies

34
Q

Mannitol Salt Agar

A

differential media

Selects for gram +

If mannitol is fermented it will show YELLOW colonies of growth

35
Q

CLED agar

A

Differential media

Tests for urinary bacteria

Lactose fermentation shows YELLOW color change

36
Q

Which stain, stains the chitin in the cell wall of fungi?

A

Lactophenol cotton blue

37
Q

Trytophanase

A

Enzyme production

Ability to convert tryptophane to INDOLE

38
Q

What stain is used to detect viral inclusion bodies?

A

H & E stain

PID (13 decks)

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