exsc 460 exam 1

Question 1

function of muscle

Answer 1

contract

Question 2

what determines what action a muscle performs

Answer 2

where the muscle or its tendon crosses the joint it’s acting upon.
and the relationship to the axis of rotation

Question 3

What determines how well a muscle does what it does

Answer 3

size and angle of pull

Question 4

advantages of isometric contraction

Answer 4

easy/no equipment necessary
maintains neural association
retards muscle atrophy
increase in static muscle strength

Question 5

disadvantages of isometric contraction

Answer 5

boring;tedious
angle specific
not effective for dynamic strength or endurance improvement

Question 6

advantages of isotonic contraction

Answer 6

functional
easy patient motivation
has concentric/eccentric component
can improve strength and endurance

Question 7

disadvantages of isotonic contraction

Answer 7

safety
momentum (they can cheat)
fatigue compromises ROM
can be traumatic

Question 8

Advantages of Isokinetic contraction

Answer 8

efficiency (max resistance throughout ROM)
safe
minimal post-exercise soreness
provides feedback to patient

Question 9

disadvantages of isokinetic contraction

Answer 9

cost and convenience
equipment availability
time-consuming
greater chance of having source of error

Question 10

variables that can be adjusted in progressive resistance exercises

Answer 10

resistance
repitions
sets 
frequency
duration
speed of contraction
type of contraction
position of patient

Question 11

the muscle is contracting against the resistance and being strengthened

Answer 11

active exercise

Question 12

the muscle is relaxed while resistance is acting on it, it is being stretched

Answer 12

passive exercise

Question 13

advantages of closed kinetic chain exercises

Answer 13

enhances body awareness
produces accelerating, decelerating, and stabilizing function
allows for variable speed of movement

Question 14

disadvantages of closed kinetic chain exercises

Answer 14

difficult to isolate muscle groups
difficult to provide control
requires expertise to detect fatigue

Question 15

ultimate goal of therapeutic exercise

Answer 15

achieve optimum symptom-free movement and function

Question 16

specific goals of therapeutic exercise

Answer 16

development, improvement, restoration, or maintenance of:
strength
endurance
relaxation
coordination
mobility and flexibility

Question 17

easiest, voluntary contraction aided by therapist

Answer 17

active assistive exercise

Question 18

patient moves body segment through ROM unaided,

mass of body segment is resistance

Answer 18

active exercise

Question 19

patient moves body segment through ROM against an external resistance

Answer 19

active-resistive exercise

Question 20

primary principles of active-resistance exercise and manual muscle testing

Answer 20

1. isolate muscle or muscle group
2. stabilize proximal segment
3. apply resistance to the distal end of distal segment
4. angle of resistance should be 90d through complete ROM

Question 21

etiology of posture problems

Answer 21

poor body mechanics
hereditary
environmental factors/working conditions
congenital factors
physical fitness level

Question 22

In a plumb line test, the line passes through what:

Answer 22

mastoid process
bisects shoulder joint
bisects greater trochanter
bisects knee
anterior to lateral malleolus

Question 23

shorter, tighter, stronger

Answer 23

convex side

Question 24

longer, stretch, weaker

Answer 24

concave side

Question 25

effect on muscles remaining in a lengthened position beyond the neutral position

Answer 25

stretch weakness

Question 26

natural consequence of tendancy for a shortened muscle to remain in somewhat shortened condition, no lengthening during relaxation

Answer 26

adaptive shortness

Question 27

first degree in development of acquired deformities

Answer 27

curable by exercise
changes in muscle tone and habitual posture
no bony changes
patient can correct position of affected part

Question 28

second degree in development of acquired deformities

Answer 28

improvable by exercise
definite contracture of soft structures
slight degree of bony change
can be corrected to some extent by therapist

Question 29

third degree in development of acquired deformities

Answer 29

improved by surgery only
serious bony changes
little, if any change can be produced with exercise