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anatomy > exercise phys exam 2 > Flashcards

exercise phys exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

PCr (phosphocreatine) is a buffer for ______

A

ATP

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2
Q

how long does it take to replenish PCr stores?

A

6 min

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3
Q

creatine loading:

A

20-25g/day for 5-7 days

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4
Q

what does creatine loading do?

A

helps increase performance for HIGH INTENSITY exercise

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5
Q

net ATP from glycolysis

A

2

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6
Q

what is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis

A

phosphofructokinase

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7
Q

exercise stimulates GLUT4 transporter to:

A

transform into sarcolemma and let glucose in

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8
Q

insulin does what?

A

increases glucose in the cell. independent from exercise

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9
Q

blood glucose does what after 1 hr exercise

A

decreases

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10
Q

what helps prevent decrease of blood glucose during exercise?

A

ingestion of carbs

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11
Q

how much should you drink every 15-20 min. during exercise to maintain blood glucose?

A

8-12 oz of a 6% CHO drink

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12
Q

what are the two main pathways in skeletal muscle that increase glycogenolysis?

A

ephinephrine and Ca++ calmodulin

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13
Q

high intensity, short exercise utilizes what as fuel?

A

carbs

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14
Q

low intensity, long exercise utilizes what as fuel?

A

fats

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15
Q

moves lactate into mitochondria for oxidation via MCT (monocarboxylate transporter)

A

intracellular lactate shuttle

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16
Q

moves lactate to utilizing tissue (heart or slow twitch muscle)

A

extracellular lactate shuttle

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17
Q

energy in fat

A

9kcal/g

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18
Q

energy in carbs

A

4kcal/g

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19
Q

an increase in cyclic AMP causes:

A

increase PKA which activates hormone sensitive lipase

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20
Q

fatty acids are moved into mitochondrial matrix for beta oxidation by what enzyme?

A

carnitine transferase

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21
Q

what has to be present to use fat as energy?

A

carbs

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22
Q

In the Krebs cycle, what are the intermediates for beta oxidation of fats?

A

carbs

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23
Q

Highly trained individuals utilize ____ as fuel source more than others.

A

fat

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24
Q

crossover point:

A

when you start utilizing fats over carbs

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25
Q

rise of epinephrine in blood causes what?

A

utilize more fats

26
Q

epinephrine increases with

A

duration and intensity of exercise

27
Q

RQ=1

A

glucose

28
Q

RQ=0.7

A

fats

29
Q

RER:

A

respiratory exchange ratio, events at the lung, VCO2/CO2

30
Q

In a trained individual, the time to reach steady state is ____

A

shorter

31
Q

Rapid Repayment of oxygen debt

A

resynthesis of PC in muscles

restoration of muscle and blood O2 stores

32
Q

slow repayment of oxygen debt

A

elevated hormones
elevated body temp
lactate removal
post-exercise elevation of HR and breathing

33
Q

the graph for max rate of O2 consumption looks like:

A

linear increase then plateau

34
Q

to remove lactate faster, ____

A

move threshold to the right during endurance training

35
Q

lactate threshold:

A

good estimate of race pace during endurance exercise

36
Q

to reduce rate of lactate removal, ____

A

decrease lactate threshold

37
Q

How do you make the lactate removal much higher?

A

cool down or light exercise after workout to decrease build up of lactic acid

38
Q

what environment won’t reach a steady state because there is a constant increase in O2 uptake?

A

hot and humid

39
Q

what happens when you exercise for >10 min.?

A

ATP production is primarily from aerobic metabolism

40
Q

Sprinting uses _____

A

PCr and anaerobic metabolism

41
Q

mechanism of action for steroid hormones:

A

carrier protein in blood goes into cytoplasm

42
Q

Growth Hormone helps maintain plasma glucose by 3 ways:

A

increases gluconeogenesis in liver
mobilizes FFA
decreases glucose uptake

43
Q

Catecholamines do what to plasma glucose?

A

increase plasma glucose

44
Q

pathway of cortisol secretion:

A

hypothalamus, CRH
anterior pituitary gland, ACTH
adrenal cortex
cortisol:stimulates gluconeogenesis

45
Q

during exercise, glucagon____

A

increases plasma glucose

46
Q

Insulin:

A

decreases plasma glucose, uptake of glucose into cells

47
Q

lactic acid blocks mobilization of

A

FFA, lactic acid inhibits glycolysis by off setting catecholamines

48
Q

Angiotensinogen was made in what organ?

A

the liver

49
Q

angiotensinogen converts to what, by what enzyme?

A

converts to Angiotensin I by renin from kidney

50
Q

Angiotensin I converts to what, by what enzyme?

A

converts to Angiotensin II by converting enzyme

51
Q

Angiotensin II causes what

A

constriction of vascular smooth muscle

52
Q

Angiotensin II then causes

A

aldosterone to be released, causing increased water and sodium retention

53
Q

ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone, water retention

54
Q

when dehydrated, there is an increase in plasma osmolality. How does ADH respond?

A

ADH increases

55
Q

hypovolemia

A

loss of body water due to increase of plasma osmolality

sweating decreases

56
Q

hypoglycemic

A

low blood glucose, below 70 mg/dL

57
Q

running economy

A

energy expenditure at a given running speed

58
Q

5kcal =

A

1L o2 consumed

59
Q

I met =

A

3.5 ml/kg/min

60
Q

1 watt =

A

6.12 kpm/min

61
Q

1kpm=

A

1 kgm

62
Q

1 rev=

A

6m

anatomy (22 decks)

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