1.28 Design Communication Flashcards
Design reports
A design report is an industrial design team’s project record for future reference
Executive summary
- Concise overview of the project, the resulting design and its effectiveness
Introduction
- Design problem context
- Details of client and possible customers
- Alternative ideas and the selection process used to choose the final
design
Conclusion
- Description of the selected design
- Details of how problems were dealt with
- Evaluation of the design against the original specification criteria
- Analysis of and modification suggestions for designs not meeting criteria
- Testing methods used
Technical reports
These are used for a variety of purposes, such as:
- Recording practical test results
- Target practical test results
- Target market research
- Reviewing products relevant to design development
Important points to remember:
- Use of clear English
- Use of correct technical (e.g. names of specific materials)
- Useful to include tables of data, graphs, and charts
- Report writing is a useful element in project research or evaluation
The use of graphs, tables and charts
Bar chart
- Simplest way of representing data
- Used in many different reports and in the media
- Commonly used
Pictograph
- Very easy to understand
- Quick to read
- Suitable for presentations
- Not very accurate
Histogram
- Similar to a bar chart
- Data is shown in ranges
- Useful to show the frequency distribution of data
- Particularly useful for showing results of research
Line graph
- Can show data changes over time
- Easy to understand
- Accurate due to the use of scales
Pie chart
- Shows data distribution
- Size of segments is relative to the proportion of data
- Very easy to read and understand
Data tables
- Important to enable you to:
• interpret data
• identify patterns or incorrect data
• add missing data
- Typical project use:
• anthropometric data
• cutting lists
• costings
First angle orthographic projection and third angle orthographic projection
- Includes front, plan, and end ‘elevations’
- Used by engineers and manufacturers
- Standardised method for:
• dimensioning
• scale
• line types, such as hidden detail
• first angle views are on the opposite side from the viewpoint
• third angle views are on the same side as viewpoint
Sectional drawing
- Shows interanl details
- The object is usually ‘cut’ in half along a ‘cutting plane’
Isometric
- Simple 3D drawing method
- Used to sketch designs
- Can be drawn freehand
- Set square gives 30-degree accuracy
Isometric crafting
- Isometric ‘crate’ helps to sketch in isometric
- Particularly useful for sloping surfaces and curves
One-point perspective
- Simple 3D drawing method
- Often used by architects and interior designers to sketch buildings or rooms
- Gives the drawing depth
- Objects get smaller the closer they are to the vanishing point
- Can be used for design ideas
Two-point perspective
- For 3D drawings to stand out
- Exaggerates the 3D effect
- Object can be drawn above or below the horizon line
Thick/thin line technique
- For 3D drawings to stand out
- External edges are bold and thick
- Internal lines are thin
Marker rendering
- Sprit-based markers are used
- Provide a base colour
- Additional layers of colour or tone can be added
- Fine-line pens add more detail
- Enhances realism of drawings
Mixed media drawings
These make use of:
- pencil and fine-line pen for detail
- marker pen
- watercolour for are cover
- realistic textures are possible
Texture rendering
- Added using a fine-line pen
- Specific materials can be suggested
- Texture includes:
• wood grain
• cross-hatching
• stippling
