Asfarviridae (Exam 2)

Question 1

What is the general structure of Asfarviridae?

Answer 1

Large
Enveloped
Icosahedral
Linear dsDNA genome

Question 2

What is the only DNA arbovirus?

Answer 2

Asfarviridae

Question 3

What is the impact of temperature/pH/solvents on Asfarviridae?

Answer 3

Thermolabile at high temperatures and sensitive to lipid solvents
Very resistant to a wide rang of pH and survives for months to years in refrigerated/frozen meat

Question 4

What are the natural hosts of Asfarviridae?

Answer 4

Warthogs, bushpigs, and soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros
Inapparent infections

Question 5

Where is Asfarviridae enzootic? Where has it recently spread?

Answer 5

Enzootic in Africa and Sardinia
Recently spread throughout Europe and Asia

Question 6

Asfarviridae is very ________ important.

Answer 6

Economically

Question 7

What country has Asfarviridae never been reported?

Answer 7

United States

Question 8

Is Asfarviridae reportable?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What disease does Asfarviridae cause?

Answer 9

Highly contagious hemorrhagic disease (clinically indistinguishable from Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV))

Question 10

In what animals does Asfarviridae cause clinical disease?

Answer 10

Domestic Swine
European Wild Boar

Question 11

What is the mortality rate of Asfarviridae in domestic swine? What does that number depend on?

Answer 11

Mortality in domestic swine is generally 100%
Depends on strain virulence

Question 12

What is the pathogenesis of Asfarviridae?

Answer 12

Predominantly replicated in monocytes and macrophages
Severe disruption to blood clotting mechanisms

Question 13

What are the dynamics of Asfarviridae shedding?

Answer 13

Shedding of virus for up to 1 month
Respiratory secretions and blood

Question 14

How is Asfarviridae transmitted?

Answer 14

Oronasal route via direct contact
Bite of infected tick
Ingestion of uncooked pork in food waste

Question 15

What are the categories of severity of disease caused by Asfarviridae? What does this depend upon?

Answer 15

Peracute, acute, subacute, chronic, and subclinical forms
Depends on species infected and virulence of virus

Question 16

What are the general clinical signs of Asfarviridae?

Answer 16

Sudden death, fever, skin hyperemia or cyanosis (ears, abdomen, legs), depression

Question 17

What are the acute clinical signs of Asfarviridae?

Answer 17

Hemorrhagic lesions (petichiae, epistaxis, hematochezia), DIC, thrombocytopenia, and death within 5-10 days

Question 18

What are the subacute clinical signs of Asfarviridae?

Answer 18

Respiratory and GI signs, death in 15-45 days

Question 19

What are the chronic clinical signs of Asfarviridae?

Answer 19

Emaciation, swollen joints, and respiratory disease
Develops over 2-15 months

Question 20

How is Asfarviridae diagnosed?

Answer 20

PCR or Serology

Question 21

How is Asfarviridae controlled?

Answer 21

No treatment or vaccine
Eliminate risk factors for viral introduction

Question 22

What does eradication of Asfarviridae depend on?

Answer 22

Rapid diagnosis, slaughter, and disposal of animals