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integrative nutrition and pathophysiology > Obesity 5 > Flashcards

Obesity 5 Flashcards

1
Q

why is bariatric surgery benficial?

A

Reduces mortality
Fewer cancer deaths
Fewer MI deaths
Surgery effective against diabetes and reduced medications taken, weight, and dyslipidemia

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2
Q

is laparoscopic bariatric surgery safe?

A

YES

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3
Q

qualifications for bariatric surgery

A
  1. BMI >40
  2. BMI >35 with comorbidity, T2DM, or hyperglycemia inadequately controlled
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4
Q

insurance requirements for surgery

A
  1. 6 months of visits and notes from doctor
  2. lab work up
  3. continued attempts to lose weight during the process
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5
Q

most popular bariatric surgery

A

sleeve gastrectomy

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6
Q

sleeve gastrectomy length or surgery and stay

A

1 hour
1-2 night stay

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7
Q

sleeve gastrectomy pros

A
  1. simple
  2. expected 55-70% weight loss
  3. reduces comorbidities
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8
Q

sleeve gastrectomy complications

A
  1. leaks
  2. reflux
  3. Barrett’s esophagus
  4. narrowing of sleeve
  5. bleeding
  6. GERD
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9
Q

gastric bypass lengths

A

2 hours
2 night stay

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10
Q

gastric bypass pros

A
  1. 52-68% weight loss
  2. effective for GERD and diabetes
  3. sustained long term weight loss and comorbidity resolution
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11
Q

gastric bypass cons

A
  1. restriction
  2. hormonal changes
  3. malabsorption (mainly in distal bypass)
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12
Q

gastric bypass risks

A
  1. mortality
  2. PE
  3. leak
  4. stricture
  5. ulcer
    6. internal hernia
  6. vitamin deficiencies
  7. osteoporosis
  8. dumping syndrome
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13
Q

duodenal switch pros

A
  1. 70% weight loss
  2. best improvement of DM and comorbidites
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14
Q

what is duodenal switch?

A

combination of sleeve and bypass

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15
Q

duodenal switch cons

A
  1. complex operation
  2. greater malabsorption
  3. short common channel
  4. greater risk of nutritional deficiencies and diarrhea
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16
Q

duodenal switch aka

A

SADS
SADI-S
SIPS

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17
Q

gastric band is the only option that is easily

A

reversible and adjustable

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18
Q

gastric band pros

A
  1. fast (<1 hour)
  2. 35-55% weight loss
  3. low overall risk
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19
Q

for gastric band to work you need to:

A
  1. chew well
  2. follow up regularly for band adjustments
  3. avoid maladaptive eating behavior
20
Q

gastric band complications

A
  1. Band Slippage/Prolapse
  2. Band Erosion
  3. Tubing Leak
  4. Port access difficulties
  5. Port Infection
  6. Esophageal dilation
21
Q

sleeve gastrectomy is right choice for

A

first step or on way to BPD/DS

22
Q

sleeve gastrectomy is not good to treat

A

GERD

23
Q

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) best for

A

diabetes or bad reflux

24
Q

Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) best for

A

diabetes and most weight loss

25
Q

early dumping syndrome is mainly seen in __, but also a bit in __

A

early dumping syndrome is mainly seen in gastric bypass, but also a bit in sleeve gastrectomy

26
Q

early dumping syndrome: within _ hours of meal

A

early dumping syndrome: within 1 hours of meal

27
Q

symptoms of early dumping syndrome

A

(palpitations, hypotension, light-headedness) and GI symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea)

28
Q

what triggers early dumping syndrome

A

intake of high osmolar food (i.e. sugars, simple/processed carbs) and rapid emptying into the small bowel that is not quite ready to handle it

29
Q

diagnosis of early dumping syndrome

A
  1. careful history
  2. temporal relationship between food and symptoms
30
Q

treatment of early dumping syndrome

A

Dietary modification
Reduce simple carbs, increase proteins
Chew slowly
Eat small portions
Don’t drink fluids for 30 min after a meal
Octreotide if diet doesn’t help
Surgery if above doesn’t help

31
Q

surgery options for early dumping syndrome

A
  1. Gastric outlet restriction (i.e. endoscopic or surgical suturing to narrow the anastomosis)
  2. Gastrostomy tube in gastric remnant
  3. Reversal of gastric bypass
32
Q

late dumping syndrome __ hours after meal

A

late dumping syndrome 1-3 hours after meal

33
Q

how long after surgery does late dumping syndrome develop

A

2-4 years

34
Q

symptoms of late dumping syndrome

A

Adrenergic symptoms (anxiety, agitation, tremors, palpitations, tachycardia)
Neuroglycopenic symptoms (confusion, fatigue, memory, weakness, dizziness, blurry vision, ataxia, speech problems, seizures, syncope)

35
Q

late dumping syndrome is related to beta islet cell __

A

late dumping syndrome is related to beta islet cell hyperplasia

36
Q

late dumping syndrome complaints due to

A

hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia

37
Q

diagnosis of late dumping syndrome

A

baseline and postprandial glucose and isnulin levels

38
Q

dietary management of late dumping syndrome

A

Avoid rapidly absorbed simple carbs.
Increase proteins, fiber
Multiple small meals throughout the day

39
Q

medications for late dumping syndrome

A

Nifedipine – reduce insulin release
Acarbose – slow food digestion
Diazoxide - reduce insulin release
Octreotide - reduce insulin release and slow glucose absorption

40
Q

surgical treatment of late dumping syndrome

A

Anastomosis restriction (endoscopic or surgical)
Gastrostomy tube in the bypassed stomach (helps avoid oral intake)
People don’t want to live like this as permanent solution -> if patient responds well to this, can help determine if the patient would benefit from reversal of bypass

41
Q

nutrient deficiencies with bariatric surgery

A
  1. protein
  2. thiamine
  3. iron
  4. B12, B6, folate
  5. calcium
  6. vitamin D
  7. trace minerals
  8. zinc, copper, selenium
  9. other fat soluble vitamins A, E, K
  10. B1
42
Q

bariatric surgery iron deficiency

A
  1. Deficiency is very common in patients even before bariatric surgery, and a common deficiency after bariatric surgery
  2. Primary absorption in duodenum, proximal jejunum
  3. Optimal absorption requires acid, give with Vit-C
  4. Don’t take together with calcium or with acid reducing medications
  5. Can be more severe with menstruation, may require IV repletion
43
Q

bariatric surgery B12 deficiency

A
  1. Common both before bariatric surgery and after surgery
  2. B12 requires intrinsic factor binding, acid environment (stomach)
  3. Absorption in terminal ileum
  4. Deficiency can lead to decreased blood cell counts, peripheral neuropathy, central neuropathy. Neuropathy can be irreversible.
44
Q

bariatric surgery B1 deficiency most common in

A

RYGB and DS

45
Q

B1 deficiency can lead to

A

life-threatening cardiovascular and neurologic complications that are potentially irreversible

46
Q

B1 deficiency treatment

A

PO thiamine if mild acute deficiency
IV thiamine if significant deficiency, very symptomatic, suspected to not be absorbing, or suspected poor compliance

integrative nutrition and pathophysiology (22 decks)

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