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Anatomy 2 > Chapter 13: Blood Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Blood Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

define arteriosclerosis

A

when an artery becomes hard from calcification

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2
Q

define atherosclerosis

A

fatty deposits built up in the lining of an artery

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3
Q

define CAD

A

coronary artery disease

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4
Q

What are the layers of the blood vessel wall

A

tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima

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5
Q

What type of tissues composes the tunica adventitia

A

dense connective tissues

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6
Q

what type of tissue composes the tunica media

A

smooth muscle, elastic and collagen

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7
Q

what type of tissue composes the tunica intima

A

simple squamous endothelium

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8
Q

What layers of blood vessel walls are absent in capillaries

A

tunica adventitia and tunica media

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9
Q

Arteries branch into

A

arterioles

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10
Q

tissue perfusion is another term for

A

tissue blood flow

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11
Q

vasoconstriction causes a _________ in blood flow to a tissue

A

decrease

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12
Q

vasodilation causes a ________ in blood flow to a tissue

A

increase

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13
Q

what is autoregulation

A

local control of blood flow

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14
Q

precapillary sphincters open when

A

tissues need nutrients, O2

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15
Q

precapillary sphincter close when tissues are

A

less metabolically active

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16
Q

relaxation and contraction cycles are part of ________

A

vasomotion

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17
Q

how would your precapillary sphincters respond if you have low oxygen, low pH, low nutrients, and high carbon dioxide

A

they would open

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18
Q

What happens to the BP on the arterial end of the capillary compared to the BP on the venule end

A

BP drops when moving from arteries to venules

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19
Q

capillaries come together to form _______

A

venules

20
Q

veins _______ blood to the heart

A

return

21
Q

medium sized veins contain

A

valves

22
Q

define varicose veins

A

caused by weak or damaged valves, veins are blue and squiggly

23
Q

Veins have a ________ media tunic compared to arteries

A

thinner

24
Q

veins have a ________ lumen compared to arteries

A

larger

25
Q

veins have ________ blood and osmotic pressures compared to arteries

A

lower

26
Q

veins are a ______ reservoir

A

blood

27
Q

What are four mechanisms that improve venous blood flow

A

skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump, valves, and venoconstriction

28
Q

the _______ you are from the heart, the ________ the blood pressure

A

farther; lower

29
Q

Arterial blood pressure is produce primarily by

A

heart action

30
Q

systolic pressure is when

A

the heart is contracting

31
Q

diastolic pressure is when

A

the heart is relaxing

32
Q

define blood pressure

A

the measure of force the blood exerts against the blood vessel walls

33
Q

define peripheral resistance

A

the resistance to flow in the arterial system

34
Q

Changes in PR are primarily due to changes in the ______ of the arteries

A

diameter

35
Q

Resistance is affected by

A

blood viscosity

36
Q

what Is the relationship between blood pressure and peripheral resistance

A

direct

37
Q

Where is the vasomotor center

A

the sympathetic division

38
Q

what does the vasomotor center control

A

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

39
Q

The vasomoter center is ________ when blood pressure is _____

A

stimulated; low

40
Q

the stimulation of the vasomotor center results in

A

increased vasoconstriction; more norepinephrine

41
Q

The vasomotor center is _____ when blood pressure is ______

A

inhibited; high

42
Q

the inhibition of the vasomotor center results in

A

vasodilation; less norepinephrine

43
Q

What division of the ANS controls the diameter of blood vessels

A

sympathetic division

44
Q

an ______ in the release of norepinephrine results in _________

A

increase; vasoconstriction

45
Q

a _________ in the release of norepinephrine results in ________

A

decrease; vasodilation

46
Q

on what layer of the blood vessel wall is NE released to produce the above effects

A

tunica media; which is made of smooth muscle

Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

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