Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 2 > Chapter 14: Lymphatic System and Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the Lymphatic System

A

fluid balance and absorption, absorb dietary fats, defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is fluid balance and absorption important

A

prevents edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many liters are absorbed by the tissues

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where are dietary fats absorbed

A

the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are responsible for defense

A

WBCs in the lymphatic organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the name of the fluid inside lymphatic vessels

A

lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the flow of lymph

A

lymphatic capillaries, lacteals, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic collecting ducts, thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are lacteals located and what do they do

A

small intestine, absorb fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lymphatic vessels resemble _____ because they have _______

A

veins; valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain to

A

drains to the Left Subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain to

A

the Right Subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What helps lymph flow towards the subclavian veins

A

Muscle contraction, deep breathing, lymphatic vessel contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

deep breathing causes changes in _______ in ______ and _________

A

pressure; thoracic; abdominal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do valves prevent

A

backflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is lymphedema

A

fluid accumulation in tissues caused by blocked or removed lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tonsils are an outgrowth on the ______

A

pharynx wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lymph nodes are located ______ the body

A

throughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the most common areas to find lymph nodes are

A

cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the spleen

A

it is the largest lymphatic organ located in the upper left abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the thymus gland

A

a gland that is larger and more active during childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is another name for the pharyngeal tonsils

A

nasopharynx “adenoids”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils

A

oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are the lingual tonsils

A

oropharynx at the base of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are T/B Cells and macrophages located

A

lymphatic nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where do B cells divide

A

the germinal center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

True or False: T and B cells are exposed to foreign antigens as lymph flows into the lymph node

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

True or False: the spleen is a blood filter

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the functions of the spleen

A

degrade dead/dying RBCs, Stores Iron, Blood filter and blood reservoir, Initiates immune responses from T and B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the hormone that stimulate T cell maturation

A

thymosins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How do infants and child build immunity

A

through exposure to pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which type of immunity are you born with?

A

innate immunity; nonspecific immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is innate immunity’s job

A

the first line of defense against pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what makes up your innate immunity?

A

physical barriers, chemical mediators, leukocytes, and inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what are the physical barriers

A

skin, mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are the chemical mediators

A

interferons, complements

36
Q

what do interferons do

A

interfere with viral replication

37
Q

what are complements and what do they do

A

enzymes; remove antigen-antibody complexes

38
Q

what are the classic local inflammation signs

A

redness, swelling, heat, and pain

39
Q

what is systemic inflammation

A

inflammation throughout the body

40
Q

fever is stimulated by ______

A

pyrogens

41
Q

what are the benefits of fever

A

promoting interferon activity, increase in metabolic rate speeds tissue repair, inhibiting bacterial and viral replication

42
Q

what are self antigens

A

antigens that present on our own cells

43
Q

what are foreign antigens

A

not recognized as our own

44
Q

what is an autoimmune disease

A

when the immune system attacks self antigens

45
Q

what lymphocytes are responsible for adaptive immunity

A

T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

46
Q

T lymphocytes are responsible for what type of immunity

A

cell-mediated immunity

47
Q

B lymphocytes are responsible for what type of immunity

A

antibody-mediated immunity

48
Q

what are the two T lymphocyte types

A

cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ cells) and Helper T cells (CD4+ cells)

49
Q

what do cytotoxic T cells do

A

kills infected cells

50
Q

What do Helper T cells do

A

coordinates all aspects of the immune response; the “heart” of the immune response

51
Q

What are TCRs

A

T cell receptors; they bind with antigens

52
Q

What do plasma cells do

A

produce antibodies

53
Q

where are naive T and B cells produced

A

the bone marrow

54
Q

Where do pre T cells go to mature

A

the thymus

55
Q

where do B cells mature

A

red bone marrow

56
Q

True or False: T and B cells circulate in lymph vessels and nodes, spleens, and lymphatic nodules under epithelium, they are also in blood

A

True

57
Q

What does MHC stand for

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

58
Q

Where are Class 1 MHCs displayed

A

any cell with a nucleus

59
Q

what recognizes Class 1 MHCs

A

cytotoxic T Cells then stimulate apoptosis

60
Q

Where are Class 2 MHCs displayed

A

macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells

61
Q

What recognizes Class 2 MHCs

A

Helper T cells

62
Q

What are APCs

A

antigen presenting cells (macrophages and Dendritic cells)

63
Q

What do APCs do

A

show foreign antigens to helper T cells

64
Q

What is the process for Helper T Cell activation

A

1) macrophage eats antigen and processes
2) MHC Class 2 presents antigen to helper T cells (TCR binding and recognition of antigen occurs)
3) Cytokines costimulate helper T cells.
4) Helper T cell clones
5) some daughter cells become memory cells

65
Q

What are interleukins

A

the most diverse and important chemicals of the immune system

66
Q

what are tumor necrosis factors

A

kill tumor cells, slow growth

67
Q

How to Cytotoxic T cells kill

A

apoptosis and perforins

68
Q

What is the process for B cell activation

A

1) B cell processes antigen and is now sensitized and can show it to a Helper T cell
2) Helper T costimulation of B cell
3) B cell clones and differentiates into plasma cells
4) Plasma cells secrete antibodies against foreign antigen

69
Q

What are the classes of antibodies

A

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD

70
Q

True or False: Complement enzymes activated by antigen-antibody complexes - kills bacterial cells

A

true

71
Q

What is the IgG antibody known for

A

being the most common

72
Q

What is the IgM antibody known for

A

primary immune response

73
Q

What is the IgA antibody known for

A

being found in saliva, tears, mucous membranes

74
Q

What is the IgE antibody known for

A

inflammation, allergies

75
Q

What is the IgD antibody known for

A

acting as B cell receptors for antigens

76
Q

What is the PLAN of attack for antibodies

A

phagocytosis, loves inflammation/-lysis, agglutination, neutralization

77
Q

Is the primary response or secondary response rapid and more powerful

A

secondary response

78
Q

For active immunity, how do you naturally acquire it?

A

by getting sick

79
Q

For active immunity, how to you artificially acquire it?

A

you get vaccinated

80
Q

For passive immunity, how do you naturally acquire it?

A

antibodies transferred form mom to fetus via the placenta OR mom to baby through breast feeding.

81
Q

For passive immunity, how do you artificially acquire it?

A

you are given a shot with antibodies (gamma globulins)

82
Q

True or False: innate immunity and adaptive immunity rely on each other

A

true

83
Q

What is Graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism

84
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis

A

crippling arthritis

85
Q

what is systemic lupus erythematosus

A

disease of connective tissues

86
Q

what is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

A

autoantibodies attack beta cells of the pancreas

87
Q

what is vasculitis

A

inflammation of blood vessels

Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions