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FINALS RENAL + UROLOGY > meds > Flashcards

meds Flashcards

1
Q

when is EPO produced

A

hypoxia

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2
Q

main uses EPO

A

anaemia from CKD + cytotoxic therapy

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3
Q

SE EPO

A

hypertension –> encephalopathy + seizures // bone ache // flu symptoms // rash // red cell aplasia // thrombosis // iron deficiency

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4
Q

causes of failure to respond to EPO

A

iron deficiency // infection // hyperparathyroid // aluniminium toxicity

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5
Q

where do loop diuretics act

A

thick, ascending loop of Henle

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6
Q

mechanism Loop diuretics

A

block Na/K/Cl cotransporter // reduces absorption of NaCl

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7
Q

SE loops

A

hypo- ca, mg, K, Na // hypotension // hearing loss // gout

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8
Q

examples loops

A

Furosemide and bumetanide

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9
Q

where do thiazides act

A

early distal tubule

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10
Q

mechanism thiazides

A

Block Na/Cl –> increases Na concentration in urine

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11
Q

SE thiazides

A

hypo K, Na // HYPERCa // gout // impaired glucose tolerance // impotence // pancreatitis // agranulocytosis

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12
Q

examples thiazides

A

indapamide and chlortalidone, Bendroflumethiazide, (-thiazide) - used for mild HF

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13
Q

mechanism amiloride and triameterne

A

K sparing diuretics // block Na channels in distal tubule

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14
Q

mechanism spirinolactone (+ eplerone) + where do they work

A

aldosterone antagnost (block action) in collecting duct

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15
Q

indications K sparing diuretics

A

with other diuretics to prevent hypokalaemia

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16
Q

indications spirinolactone

A

ascites // resistant HTN // HF (NYHA III or IV) // nephrotic syndrome

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17
Q

SE spirnolactone

A

hyperkalaemia // gynaecomastia –> switch to elperonone

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18
Q

mechanism carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

increase excretion HCO3 (+Na, K, Cl)

19
Q

indication Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

glaucoma, prophylaxis altitude sickness

20
Q

example Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Acetazolamide

21
Q

mechansim Vaptans

A

act as competitive inhibitor ADH to prevent water reabsorption (encourage excretion)

22
Q

mechanism SGLT2 inhiitors

A

inhibit SGLT2 transporter in proximal tubule –> excretion of glucose

23
Q

SE SGLT2i’s

A

infection // lower limb amputation

24
Q

benifits SGLT2i

A

weight loss, good for CVD

25
Q

examples SGLT2i

A

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin

26
Q

where are prostaglandings produced

A

medulla and glomeruli

27
Q

action of PGE on kidney

A

low BP or arteriole vasocontriction –> cause vasodilation of afferent arteriole and release of renin

28
Q

how can NSAIDs cause renal failur

A

inhibit COX –> reduce PGE production

29
Q

what are type A drug reactions

A

augmented pharmacological effects in co-morbid patients –> adverse reaction eg prescribing diuretics in hypotension // dose dependent + predictable

30
Q

what are type B drug reactions

A

dose independent + unpredictable // bizzare eg drug rashes, bone marrow aplasia

31
Q

type C drug reactions

A

chronic eg steroid therapy –> cushings // BBlocker –> diabetes

32
Q

type D drug reactions

A

delayed eg secondary cancer from radio // teratogenic

33
Q

drug causes urinary retention

A

TC // antihistamines, anticholinergics // opioids // NSAIDs

34
Q

mechanism finasteride

A

inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase

35
Q

indications finasteride

A

BPH, male pattern baldness

36
Q

SE finasteride

A

impotence, low libido, ejaculation disorders, gynaecomastia + breast tenderness

37
Q

finasteride effect on PSA

A

lowers it

38
Q

indication Phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors

A

erectile dysfunction or pulm HTN

39
Q

types of Phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors

A

sildenafil, tadalafil

40
Q

contraindications Phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors

A

taking nitrites // hypotension // recent stroke or MI

41
Q

SE Phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors

A

visual disturbance (BLUE vision), anterior ischaemic neuropathy // nasal congestion / flushing // GI, headache, prolonged erejction

42
Q

drugs to avoid renal failure

A

tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, NSAIDs, lithium, metformin

43
Q

drugs that accumulate in renal failure

A

abx, digoxin, methotrexate, SUR, furosemide, opioids

44
Q

safe abx in renal failure

A

erythromycin + rifampicin

FINALS RENAL + UROLOGY (16 decks)

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