Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FINALS RENAL + UROLOGY > stones, insipidus, hydronephresis > Flashcards

stones, insipidus, hydronephresis Flashcards

1
Q

most common type of renal stones

A

calcium oxalate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

radiology appearance calcium oxalate stones

A

opaque (bright)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cause uric acid stones

A

malignancy, children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

radiology appearance uric acid stones

A

radiolucent (less dense)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cause calcium phosphate renal stones

A

renal tubular acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

radiology appearance calcium phosphate stones

A

VV radio opaque (bright)- like bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are struvite stones formed of

A

mc, ammonium, phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what causes struvite stones

A

bacteria, chronic infection, alkaline urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

radiology appearance struvite

A

slightly opaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

renal stones with acidic urine

A

uric acid (maybe calium phosphate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stones with alkaline urine pH

A

struvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stones with normal urine pH

A

cystine, calcium (variable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

RF renal stones

A

dehydrated // raised Ca + parathyroid // renal tubular acidosis // PKD, medullary sponge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RF urate stones

A

gout, iliostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

drugs that cause calcium stones

A

loops, steroids, azetazolamide, theophylinne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

drugs that prevent calcium stones

A

thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mx mild pain renal colic

A

NSAIDs - diclofenac

18
Q

mx sevre pain kidney stones eg admitted

A

IM diclofenac

19
Q

inital nvx renal stones

A

dipstick + culture // U+Es // FBX // calcium + urate

20
Q

imaging renal stones

A

non contrast CT KUB within 14 hours // (USS OK as well)

21
Q

mx renal stones <5mm

A

pass themselves within 4 weeks

22
Q

what surgical emergency can occur with kidney stones + how is it mx

A

infection + obstruction –> decompression

23
Q

mx stones surgically

A

shock wave (<2cm) // uteroscopy (pregnant) // pc nephrolithotomy (obstruction)

24
Q

mx prophylaxis hypercalcaemia –> stones

A

increase fluids // low animal produce + Na // thiazides

25
Q

mx prophylaxis oxalate stones

A

cholestramine (or pyridoxone)

26
Q

prophylactic mx uric acid stones

A

allopurinol // urinaly alkaline eg oral bicarb

27
Q

what is stag horn calculi

A

involve renal pelvis and extend to 2 calyces

28
Q

what is assoc with staghorn calciuli

A

struvite + proteus infection

29
Q

what is the issue in cranial diabetes insipidus

A

low ADH

30
Q

what is the issue in nepropgenic diabetes insipidus

A

insensivite receptors to ADH

31
Q

causes cranial diabetes insipidus

A

head trauma // pituitary surgery // sarcoid // haemachromatosis!!!

32
Q

causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

genetic (ADH receptors or aquaporin channels) // high ca // low K // lithium // obstruction, sickle cell, infection

33
Q

how does litium cause diabetes insipidus

A

desensitives kidney to ADH in collecting ducts

34
Q

symptoms diabetes insipidus

A

polyuria and polydipsia

35
Q

invx DI

A

high plasma oslolality and low urine osmolarity // water deprivation test (still pee lots of dilute urine)

36
Q

what urine osmolality excludes diabetes insipidus

A

> 700

37
Q

mx nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

thiazides // low salt and protein

38
Q

mx central diabetes insipidus

A

desmopression (ADH)

39
Q

what is hydropnephrosis

A

build up of urine –> stretched and increased pressure

40
Q

cause of unilateral Hydronephrosis

A

PACT: pelvic uteric obstruction // aberrant renal vessels // calculi // tumours

41
Q

causes bilateral Hydronephrosis

A

SUPER // stenosis of urethra // urtheral valve // prostate // extensive bladder tumour // retro-peritoneal fibrosis

42
Q

invx Hydronephrosis

A

1 = USS // IVU // CT if suspected stones

FINALS RENAL + UROLOGY (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions