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Semester 4 > Case 3 - H2O absorption > Flashcards

Case 3 - H2O absorption Flashcards

1
Q

how does H20 move on the osmotic gradient

A

moves down the osmotic gradient

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2
Q

what is the osmotic gradient created by

A

mainly by absorption of nutrients

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3
Q

how much H20 is absorbed in total per day

A

8.4 litres

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4
Q

how much is absorbed by the small intestine

A

6.5 litres

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5
Q

how much is absorbed by the colon

A

1.9 litres

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6
Q

what is the route for H20

A

via junctional complexes between cells
via SGLT1 and a.a transporters

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7
Q

what is absorption not by of H20

A

aquaporins

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8
Q

how much water does saliva secrete a day

A

1.5 litres

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9
Q

how much water is in gastric secretion a day

A

2 lites per day

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10
Q

how much water is in pancreatic secretion a day

A

1.5 litres

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11
Q

how much water is in bile secretion a day

A

0.5 lires

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12
Q

how much water is in the small intestine secretion a day

A

1 litre a day

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13
Q

in total, how much is the inflow a day

A

8.5 litres

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14
Q

what is the total outflow a day

A

8.4 litres

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15
Q

what is the net loss in faeces

A

100mls

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16
Q

where are the Na/glucose and Na/amino acid cotransporters found

A

found in jejunum and ileum

17
Q

where is the Na-H exchanger found

A

the duodenum and jejunum

18
Q

where are the parallel Na-H and Cl-HCO3 exchangers found

A

the ileum and proximal colon

19
Q

where is the epithelial Na+ channel found

A

distal colon

20
Q

what happens to K+ in the small intestine

A

paracellular diffusion in ileum

21
Q

what happens to K+ in the large intestine

A

predominantly secretion

22
Q

what is the normal K+ concentration in faeces

A

90mM

23
Q

HCO3 absorption in the SI or LI

A

there is no active absorption in these places

24
Q

what does severe or chronic diarrhoea lead to

A

hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis

25
Q

what does increased osmotic load in colon lead to

A

increased ldiid in faeces

26
Q

what does lack of enzymes or transporters lead to

A

congenital (neonate) = ‘watery’
Glucose-galactose malabsorption (SGLT1)
Lactase deficiency

27
Q

what infections can lead to damage to the mucosa

A

Bacteria (shigella and campylobacter) lead to destruction of intestinal wall which decreases surface area and leads to blood in faeces (dysentery)
Bacteria (salmonella) leads to inflammation
Protozoa (giardia, entamoeba)

28
Q

what are toxins produced by and what do they do

A

they are produced by bacteria which normally hi jacks normal cellular processes

29
Q

what cells normally secrete h20

A

intestinal cells and about 1 litre a day

30
Q

what does secretion exceed a day in cholera

A

secretion exceeds 20 litres per day

31
Q

what may toxins also do

A

may also inhibit Na+ absorption BUT not SGLT1

32
Q

what Is this the basis of

A

oral rehydration therapy

Semester 4 (80 decks)

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