Parasitism Flashcards

1
Q

Hairworm lifecycle

A
  1. cricket drinks infested water
  2. larva enter the crickets body and feeds on its tissue, growing into an adult
  3. Cricket jumps into the water and drowns, hairworm eemerges and mates.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do enslaver parasites manipulate the behavior of their host?

A

Hairworms alter concentration of three amino acids in the host cricket (ultimate mechanism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Taurine

A

a neurotransmitter in insects and regulates the sense of thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Symbionts

A

Organisms that live on or inside other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are some symbionts mutualists?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

parasite’s function

A

consumes the tissue or body fluids of an organism on which it lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pathogen

A

parasites that cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Do parasites typically harm but do not immediately kill the organisms they eat?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or false: Parasites feed on many species but host species do not have multiple parasite species.

A

False: Parasites typically feed on only or or a few host species, but host species have multiple parasite species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Macroparasites

A

large species such as arthropods and worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Microparasites

A

microscopic, such as bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ectoparasites

A

live on the outer body surface of the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endoparasites

A

Lives inside their host within cells or tissues or alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mistletoe

A

hemiparasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hemiparasitic

A

they get water and nutrients from the host but also photosynthesize.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Holoparasite

A

parasite that does not photosynthesize on its own

17
Q

Advantages of being an endoparasite

A

safe from external environment
ease of feeding
safer from natural enemies

18
Q

Disadvantages of being an endoparasite

A

Vulnerability to the hosts immune system

19
Q

Advantages of being an exctoparasite

A

Ease of dispersal
safe from hosts immune system

20
Q

Disadvantages of being and exctoparasite

A

Vulnerability to natural enemies
exposure to external environment
feeding more difficult

21
Q

Coevolution

A

populations of two interacting species each in response to selection imposed by the other.

22
Q

What factors of host health can parasites reduce?

A

Survival
growth
reproduction

23
Q

What parameters would we need to know in order to understand population growth of a pathogen?

A

How infectious it is
How many people are immune to it
how many people hav been effected

24
Q

Symbol for : host population divided into susceptible individuals

A

S

25
Q

Symbol for : infected individuals

A

I

26
Q

Symbol for recovered and immune individuals

A

R

27
Q

Threshold density equation

A

dI/dt= BetaSI-mI

28
Q

SI stands for

A

Probability of infected individuals encountering susceptible individuals

29
Q

Beta

A

stands for the transmission coefficient

30
Q

What is the transmission coefficient?

A

How effectively the disease spreads

31
Q

dI/dt>0

A

Disease is growing

32
Q

When will disease grow?

A

dI/dt>0

33
Q

When will a disease establish and spread?

A

when the number of susceptible individuals exceeds threshold density (ST= m/ beta)

34
Q

ST stands for

A

the number of individuals necessary for disease to spread- less than that is a safe population size.

35
Q

What can raise the threshold number: (ST)

A

Public health measures.

36
Q

What does climate change effect?

A

Distribution of diseases

37
Q

What are water temps correlated with?

A

Increased disease in coral reefs, shellfish, and amphibians

38
Q

leishmaniasis

A

flesh-eating bacteria