Parasitism

Question 1

Hairworm lifecycle

Answer 1

1. cricket drinks infested water
2. larva enter the crickets body and feeds on its tissue, growing into an adult
3. Cricket jumps into the water and drowns, hairworm eemerges and mates.

Question 2

How do enslaver parasites manipulate the behavior of their host?

Answer 2

Hairworms alter concentration of three amino acids in the host cricket (ultimate mechanism)

Question 3

Taurine

Answer 3

a neurotransmitter in insects and regulates the sense of thirst

Question 4

Symbionts

Answer 4

Organisms that live on or inside other organisms

Question 5

Are some symbionts mutualists?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

parasite’s function

Answer 6

consumes the tissue or body fluids of an organism on which it lives

Question 7

Pathogen

Answer 7

parasites that cause disease

Question 8

Do parasites typically harm but do not immediately kill the organisms they eat?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

True or false: Parasites feed on many species but host species do not have multiple parasite species.

Answer 9

False: Parasites typically feed on only or or a few host species, but host species have multiple parasite species

Question 10

Macroparasites

Answer 10

large species such as arthropods and worms

Question 11

Microparasites

Answer 11

microscopic, such as bacteria

Question 12

Ectoparasites

Answer 12

live on the outer body surface of the host

Question 13

Endoparasites

Answer 13

Lives inside their host within cells or tissues or alimentary canal

Question 14

Mistletoe

Answer 14

hemiparasitic

Question 15

Hemiparasitic

Answer 15

they get water and nutrients from the host but also photosynthesize.

Question 16

Holoparasite

Answer 16

parasite that does not photosynthesize on its own

Question 17

Advantages of being an endoparasite

Answer 17

safe from external environment
ease of feeding
safer from natural enemies

Question 18

Disadvantages of being an endoparasite

Answer 18

Vulnerability to the hosts immune system

Question 19

Advantages of being an exctoparasite

Answer 19

Ease of dispersal
safe from hosts immune system

Question 20

Disadvantages of being and exctoparasite

Answer 20

Vulnerability to natural enemies
exposure to external environment
feeding more difficult

Question 21

Coevolution

Answer 21

populations of two interacting species each in response to selection imposed by the other.

Question 22

What factors of host health can parasites reduce?

Answer 22

Survival
growth
reproduction

Question 23

What parameters would we need to know in order to understand population growth of a pathogen?

Answer 23

How infectious it is
How many people are immune to it
how many people hav been effected

Question 24

Symbol for : host population divided into susceptible individuals

Answer 24

S

Question 25

Symbol for : infected individuals

Answer 25

I

Question 26

Symbol for recovered and immune individuals

Answer 26

R

Question 27

Threshold density equation

Answer 27

dI/dt= BetaSI-mI

Question 28

SI stands for

Answer 28

Probability of infected individuals encountering susceptible individuals

Question 29

Beta

Answer 29

stands for the transmission coefficient

Question 30

What is the transmission coefficient?

Answer 30

How effectively the disease spreads

Question 31

dI/dt>0

Answer 31

Disease is growing

Question 32

When will disease grow?

Answer 32

dI/dt>0

Question 33

When will a disease establish and spread?

Answer 33

when the number of susceptible individuals exceeds threshold density (ST= m/ beta)

Question 34

ST stands for

Answer 34

the number of individuals necessary for disease to spread- less than that is a safe population size.

Question 35

What can raise the threshold number: (ST)

Answer 35

Public health measures.

Question 36

What does climate change effect?

Answer 36

Distribution of diseases

Question 37

What are water temps correlated with?

Answer 37

Increased disease in coral reefs, shellfish, and amphibians

Question 38

leishmaniasis

Answer 38

flesh-eating bacteria