DNA

Question 1

What are the four main types of DNA

Answer 1

Adenine + Thymine (A+T)
Cytosine + Guanine (C+G)

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Question 3

What is a Polymer

Answer 3

A molecule made out of repeating unit of monomers

Question 4

What actually is DNA?

Answer 4

A polymer used for making chromosomes made up of genes

Question 5

What are Genes

Answer 5

Portions or Sequences of DNA that code specific proteins

Question 6

What is a chromosome

Answer 6

Its a tighly coiled, compact DNA

Question 7

What is one side of DNA made off?

Answer 7

A phosphate group, A deoxyribose sugar, a base, and a hydrogen bond

Question 8

What is a genome?

Answer 8

A genome is the entire genetic material of that organism

Question 9

What is protein synthesis

Answer 9

It is the process by which the genetic code from the DNA is used as a template to create protein molecules.

Question 10

How many different amino acids do we have in our body?

Answer 10

20

Question 11

What is mRNA?

Answer 11

a messanger RNA

Question 12

What is transcription?

Answer 12

A process where, the RNA polymerase breaks the hydrogen bonds. This exposes genetic code and then creates a mRNA, which uses the gene’s bases.(T turns to U)

Question 13

What is Translation?

Answer 13

Where the ribosome attaches to the mRNA and pairs the bases from mRNA with the codons.

Question 14

What is thymine replaced with and why?

Answer 14

It is replaces by uracil, U, because thymine is weak and denatures outside the nucleas.

Question 15

What are some physical and chemical defences on a plant

Answer 15

Cell wall, cuticles
Toxins, antibacterial chemicals

Question 16

How do white blood cells detect pathogens

Answer 16

Pathogens have unique antigens on there surface which can be used to detect them

Question 17

What do memory lymphocytes do

Answer 17

they make the body immune to a certain pathogen, White blood cells stay in blood stream allowing for quicker and more effective responses

Question 18

What is screening

Answer 18

Testing a whole category of people for a disease

Question 19

What are some ways an organism can adapt

Answer 19

Natural selection, Variation, Changes in environment, Inheritance, mutation and evolution

Question 20

What is selective breeding

Answer 20

Taking certain characteristics from one crop/animals and breeding it with another animal/crop with another useful characteristic

Question 21

Where are genes found

Answer 21

Chromosomes

Question 22

What is the role of genes

Answer 22

Code for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein.

Question 23

How can DNA be extracted from fruit

Answer 23

Method
Put the strawberry into the plastic bag, seal it and crush for about 2 minutes.
In a beaker mix together 10 cm3 of washing up liquid, 1 g of salt and 100 cm3 water. This mixture will break down cell membranes and release the DNA.
Add 10 cm3 of the extraction liquid to the bag with the strawberry mix together for 1 minute.
Filter the strawberry mixture.
Pour 10 cm3 of ice-cold 90% ethanol down the side of the beaker into the strawberry mixture, do not mix or stir. The DNA will separate out into this layer.

Question 24

What is the difference between genes and alleles

Answer 24

Genes are DNA sections that code for specific proteins. Alleles, however, are variations of these genes, leading to diverse traits such as eye colour.

Question 25

What is the definition for evolution

Answer 25

Evolution is a change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through the process of natural selection, which may result in the formation of new species.

Question 26

Recall the names of the scientists who first developed the idea of evolution by natural selection.

Answer 26

Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace.

Question 27

What is biological control

Answer 27

Biological control is the use of living organisms to suppress pest populations, making them less damaging than they would otherwise be.