The heart

Question 1

What is the equation for cardiac output (Litres/min)

Answer 1

Stroke volume (Litres/beat) x heart rate (beat/min)

Question 2

Where does de-oxygenated blood enter the heart from

Answer 2

Vena cava

Question 3

Where does the pulmonary artery lead

Answer 3

To the lungs

Question 4

Where does oxygenated blood enter form

Answer 4

The pulmonary vein

Question 5

Where does the Aorta lead to

Answer 5

The rest of the body

Question 6

What are the top two parts of the heart called

Answer 6

Right atrium left atrium

Question 7

What are the bottom two parts of the heart called

Answer 7

Right ventricle left ventricle

Question 8

What is the name of the section in the middle that divides the two sides of the heart

Answer 8

Septum

Question 9

What is cellular respiration

Answer 9

A series of chemical reactions that release energy from glucose (exothermic)

Question 10

what is the main type of cellular respiration

Answer 10

Aerobic respiration

Question 11

What is the role of the circularity system in cellular respiration

Answer 11

Carries oxygen and glucose

Question 12

What is in plasma

Answer 12

Dissolved glucose, urea and oxygen

Question 13

What is the purpose of the red blood cells

Answer 13

Haemoglobin binds to oxygen and carries it around body

Question 14

What shape is a red blood cell

Answer 14

Biconcave

Question 15

What is the role of the vein

Answer 15

Takes blood to the heart at a low pressure, has thin flexible walls and a wide lumen

Question 16

What is the role of the artery

Answer 16

takes blood away from the heart, at a high pressure, has thick muscular walls and a narrow lumen

Question 17

What is the role of the two types of white blood cells

Answer 17

Phagocyte = Surrounds and digests cells
Lymphocyte = Produces antibodies

Question 18

What is the role of Platelets in the body

Answer 18

Tiny fragments of cells that produce substances needed for blood to clot (Stops infections)

Question 19

What is a heart attack

Answer 19

It is when blood stops flowing to muscles in the heart

Question 20

Why is the left side of the heart thicker and more muscluar

Answer 20

left side has to work harder as it has to pump oxygenated blood around the whole body instead of just the lungs

Question 21

What is a valve

Answer 21

Structures in the veins that prevent blood from flowing backwards

Question 22

Explain one reason why there is an increase in blood flow to muscles
during exercise.

Answer 22

because (during exercise muscles) require more
{oxygen / glucose} (1)
* for respiration / to release energy (1)

Question 23

Describe how this blood flows through the heart and lungs to leave the heart
through the aorta.

Answer 23

Blood flows from vena cava into the right atrium
* Into the right ventricle
* Through valve
* And is pumped into the pulmonary artery
* Through valve to the lungs
* From the lungs back to the heart through the pulmonary
vein
* Into the left atrium
* Into the left ventricle
* Through valve
* And is pumped into the aorta
* Through valve
* valves prevent backflow