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Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Musculoskeletal system > Anatomy of Joints and Ligaments > Flashcards

Anatomy of Joints and Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different structural classifications of joints

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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2
Q

what is an immovable joint

A

synarthrosis

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3
Q

what is a slightly movable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

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4
Q

what is a freely movable joint

A

Diarthrosis

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5
Q

what is rotation to midline

A

adduction

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6
Q

what is rotation away from midline

A

abduction

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7
Q

what is internal rotation

A

pronation

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8
Q

what is external rotation

A

supination

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9
Q

what is bending and straightening

A

flexure and extension

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10
Q

what is circumduction

A

rotation of both flexure/ extension and Abduction/adduction

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11
Q

describe a plane joint

A

translation of flat surface

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12
Q

describe hinge joint

A

single plane rotation

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13
Q

describe a pivot joint

A

single rotation

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14
Q

describe a condular joint

A

rotation and translation

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15
Q

describe an ellipsoidal joint

A

rotation and translation on 2 planes

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16
Q

describe a saddle joint

A

rotation and translation

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17
Q

describe a ball and socket joint

A

rotation along 3-6 axis

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18
Q

name the ball and socket shoulder joint

A

glenohumeral

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19
Q

what is the function of collateral ligaments, which joints don’t have them

A

provide support to the joint for flexure/extension. Prevent too much movement.
Ball and socket joints don’t have them

20
Q

what is a bicipital groove

A

dip between bumps of humerus (proximal end)

21
Q

name the elbow joint and what type is i?

A

humeroradioulnar joint
hinge

22
Q

what is articular surface of the humerus

A

humeral condyle

23
Q

what joins the radius and ulner

A

proximal radioulner joint

24
Q

what is the function of the annular ligament

A

attaches to head or radius and ulner - allows radius rotation

25
Q

name the joint between the radius/ulner and proximal carpal bones

A

antebrachiocarpal joint

26
Q

name the joint between proximal and distal carpal bones

A

middle carpal joint

27
Q

name the joint between the distal carpal and metacarpal bones

A

carpometacarpal joint

28
Q

what joints are in between individual carpal bones

A

intercarpal joint

29
Q

what joints are in between metacarpal bones

A

intermetacarpal joint

30
Q

what ligaments are between individual carpal bones

A

intercarpal joint

31
Q

name the joint between proximal metacarpal and proximal phalanges and what type

A

metacarpalphalangeal joint
hinge

32
Q

what joints are between proximal and middle phalanges

A

proximal interphalangeal

33
Q

what joints are between middle and distal phalanges

A

distal interphalangeal

34
Q

name the joint between the wing of the pelvic ileum and sacrum and what type is it

A

sacroiliac
cartilaginous and synovial

35
Q

where do sacroiliac ligaments lie in dogs

A

1st caudal vertebrae to ishiatic tuberosity

36
Q

how do sacroiliac ligamenys differ in horses and cows

A

span across the pelvis forming a sheath

37
Q

what is the connection of the hip bones and what type of joint

A

pelvic symphysis
fibrocartiliginous

38
Q

name the hip joint, what type

A

coxofemoral joint
ball and socket

39
Q

how is the coxofemoral joint stabilised

A

femoral ligaments

40
Q

name the stifle joint between the trochlear of the femur and patella

A

femoropatellar

41
Q

name the stifle joint between the femoral condyles and the tibia

A

tibiofemoral joint

42
Q

what is the function of femoropatellar ligaments

A

attach patella to femur

43
Q

what ligaments stabilise the knee

A

cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments

44
Q

how many patella ligaments do large animals have, and why

A

3 (lateral intemediate, medial)
to lock the knee so can stand without using muscle

45
Q

what is the groove at the base of the femur

A

femoral trochlea

46
Q

how can horses lock their knees

A

have a parapatella fibrocartilage that attaches to medial patella ligament

47
Q
A

Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Musculoskeletal system (14 decks)

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