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Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Musculoskeletal system > musculoskeletal histology > Flashcards

musculoskeletal histology Flashcards

1
Q

name the 4 basic tissue types

A

connective tissue
epithelial
muscle
nervous

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2
Q

what is the function of connective tissue

A

binds and supports other tissues

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3
Q

what makes up the extracellular matrix

A

glycoproteins, glucosaminoglycans, interstitial fluid

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4
Q

what are the properties of collagenous fibres

A

strong, flexible, stretch resistant

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5
Q

what are reticular fibres made of

A

type 3 collagen

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6
Q

what are elastic fibres made of

A

elastin

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7
Q

what gives muscles the ability to contract

A

myofilaments

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8
Q

which muscle types of striated

A

skeletal
cardiac

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9
Q

what is the function of skeletal muscle

A

voluntary contraction

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10
Q

what surrounds muscle

A

epimysium (collagen fascia)

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11
Q

what is a fascicle

A

bundle of myocytes (muscle fibres)

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12
Q

what surrounds the fascicle

A

perimysium

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13
Q

what surround muscle fibres

A

endomysium

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14
Q

what are the properties of type 1 skeletal muscle fibres

A

slow twitch
lots of capillaries and mitochondria

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15
Q

what are the properties of type 2 skeletal muscle

A

fast twitch
fewer mitochondria and myoglobin

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16
Q

what are the type 2 skeletal muscle subgroups

A

2a - oxidative
2b - glycolytic
2c - intermediate

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17
Q

what line marks the end of the sarcomere

A

Z line

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18
Q

what is the Z line composed of

A

actin

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19
Q

what is the M line composed of and where does it lie in the sarcomere

A

myosin
in the middle

20
Q

what is the H band composed of and where does it lie

A

myosin
middle (around M line)

21
Q

what is the I band made of, where does it lie

A

actin
around Z line

22
Q

what is the A band composed of, where does it lie

A

actin and myosin
spands the sarcomere between I bands

23
Q

what is the function of smooth muscle

A

involuntary contraction

24
Q

how do smooth muscle contractions differ to skeletal

A

more elastic, more sustained

25
Q

What are the components of bone

A

inorganic hydroxyapatite matrix
organic glycosaminoglycans + collagen 1 fibrils

26
Q

what are bone stem cells

A

osteogenic cells

27
Q

what produces osteoid (bone matrix)

A

osteoblasts

28
Q

can osteoblasts divide

A

no

29
Q

which cells maintain the matrix

A

osteocytes

30
Q

what is the osteoclast lineage

A

from haematopoietic cells

31
Q

how can you identify osteoclasts on histology

A

multinucleated

32
Q

can osteoclasts divide

A

no

33
Q

what is woven bone

A

immature bone
many osteocytes

34
Q

what is lamellar bone

A

mature
made or organised collagen fibres

can be compact or trabecular

35
Q

what is the main structural unit of compact bone

A

osteon (pillar like)

36
Q

do trabecular bone have central canals

A

no

37
Q

what lines cartilage

A

perichondrium

38
Q

what cells are found in cartilaginous extracellular matrix

A

chondroblasts

39
Q

where is hyaline cartilage found

A

vertebral skeleton
epiphyseal disks
joints
ribs
nose
larynx
trachea
growth plates

40
Q

where is elastic cartilage found

A

external ear
epiglottis
larynx

41
Q

where is fibrocartilage found

A

intervertebral discs
joint capsule
ligaments

42
Q

name the line left by the growth plate

A

epiphyseal line

43
Q

what occurs in the zone of cartilage

A

cells provided for proliferating layer

44
Q

describe the zone of proliferation

A

dividing chondroytes form collums

45
Q

what occurs in the zone of hypertrophy

A

chondrocytes swell and due to lack of vascularisation

46
Q

what occurs in the Zone of Ossification

A

matrix is mineralised and osteoblasts produce osteoid

Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Musculoskeletal system (14 decks)

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