302 1. Haematology (the case of the worried midwife) Flashcards
What is gestational thrombocytopaenia?
A benign condition where there is a moderate fall in platelet count during pregnancy
What is the difference between -cythaemias and -cytopaenias?
-cythaemias : high
-cytopaenias : low
What is BM aspirate?
A bone marrow biopsy but specifically of the fluid part of the bone
What is a BM trephine?
A bone marrow biopsy but specifically a part of the bone is takedn
What is flow cytometry?
A measurement of the properties of cells
i.e. the number, size, and nucleic acid content of cells
What is the treatment for AML?
Chemotherapy
-Combination treatments and myleo-ablative cycles of treatment
Supportive therapy
-Antibiotics, antifungals, transfusions of blood and platelets
Allogenic stem cell transplantation
What is leukaemia?
Uncontrolled proliferation of primitive cells in the bone barrow
-Causes bone marrow failure
So patients get anaemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopaenia
What are leukaemic blasts?
Abnormal immature white blood cells
What are some clinical features of leukaemia?
Anaemia
Infections
DIC
Ulcers
Infiltration
Bruising
What is DIC?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
-A rare condition that causes abnormal blood clotting throughout the body’s blood vessels
What are the methods of diagnosing AML?
Morphology
Immunophenotyping
Genetic
Cytogenic
Molecular
What are the types of mutations in laeukamia?
Poor risk and good risk
Good have a higher survival rate
What is graft vs host disease?
When the donor/host mismatches in major HLA loci resulting in acute or chronic disease (either <100 days post transplant or more)
How can graft vs host disease be prevented?
-T-cell depletion of infused donor cells
-Immunosuppression of recipient
What are the clinical manifestations of graft vs host disease?
Skin rash
Diarrhoea
-Deranged liver function
