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EXCI 352 > CHAP 2 > Flashcards

CHAP 2 Flashcards

1
Q

muscle can only (push/pull)

A

pull

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2
Q

3 type of joint

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

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3
Q

which moment arm is an advantage

A

when moment arm > 1

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4
Q

when does moment arm is a disadvantage

A

MA < 1

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5
Q

which moment arm favors low strength and high velocity

A

MA < 1

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6
Q

which moment arm favours high strength and low velocity

A

MA > 1

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7
Q

when does MA < 1

A

when FR < Fa

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8
Q

when does MA > 1

A

when Fa< Fr

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9
Q

isometric exertion or constant-speed joint rotation is which class of lever

A

1st

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10
Q

which class of lever occurs when the body is stationary or moving upward at a constant velocity

A

2nd

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11
Q

exemple of 2nd class lever

A

calf raise

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12
Q

exemple of 1st class lever

A

elbow extension against resistance

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13
Q

exemple of 3rd class lever

A

elbow flexion against resistance

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14
Q

which class lever occurs when the arm is stationary or moving upward at a constant velocity

A

3rd class lever

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15
Q

role of patella in mechanic of the knee

A

The patella increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle group by maintaining the quadriceps tendon’s distance from the knee’s axis of rotation.

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16
Q

most skeletal muscle operate at a considerable mechanical (advantage/disadvantage)

A

disadvantage

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17
Q

the primary lever orientation in the human is

A

3rd class

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18
Q

human are built more for (speed/strenght) than (speed/strenght)

A

speed than strength

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19
Q

during sports and other physical activities, forces in the muscles and tendons are much (higher/lower) than those exerted by the hands or feet on external objects or the ground.

A

higher

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20
Q

tendon insertion farther from the joint center result in

A

ability to lift heavier, has larger moment arm = create greater torque but less rotation per unit of muscle contraction so slower movement speed -> loss of maximum speed and reduce muscle force capability during faster mvt

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21
Q

strength is associate with

A

slow speed of movement, ability to exert force at low speed

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22
Q

muscle force is greater when

A

more motor units are involved in a contraction,
the motor units are greater isze, or
the rate of firing is faster.

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23
Q

the force a muscle can exert is related to what

A

cross-sectional area rather than to its volume

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24
Q

what is a pennate muscle

A

a muscle with fibers that align obliquely with the tendon, creating a featherlike arrangement.

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25
Q

what is the angle of pennation

A

is the angle between the muscle fibers and an imaginary line between the muscle’s origin & insertion

26
Q

what is most often the pinnation angle

A

< or equal to 15º

27
Q

what happen with force generation if a muscle have CSA remaining the same but have an increase in pinnation

A

allows a muscle to generate a greater amount of force than nonpennate muscle.

28
Q

what happen with velocity if a muscle have CSA remaining the same but have an increase in pennation

A

results in a lower maximal shortening velocity than nonpennate muscle

29
Q

when does a muscle generate the greatest amount of force

A

when it is a its resting length

30
Q

the amount of torque exerted depend on

A

the force versus muscle length relationship,
the variation in leverage attributable to the dynamic geometry of the muscles, tendons, & internal joint structures,
type of exercise,
the body joint in question,
the muscles used at that joint, and
the speed of contraction.

31
Q

the force capability of muscle (decrease/increase) as the velocity of contraction (decrease/increase)

A

decrease, increase

32
Q

as velocity of movement (decrease/increase), the max force a muscle can produce concentrically (decrease/increase)

A

increase, decrease

33
Q

relationship btw force velocity is linear or non-linear

A

linear

34
Q

the decline of force-velocity is steepest when speed is (increase/decrease) from

A

increase from slow to moderate

35
Q

what is the max power a muscle

A

around 1/3 Vmax

36
Q

a well-designed strength power training program will shift the force-velocity to the (right/left) and the power curve (downward/upward)

A

right, upward

37
Q

during isokinetic concentric exercise torque capability (increase/decline) as angular velocity (increase/decline)

A

decline, increase

38
Q

during which type of angular velocity torque capability declines as angular velocity increases

A

isokinetic concentric

39
Q

during eccentric exercise maximal torque capability (increase/decline) until about 90% after which it (increase/decline) gradually

A

increase, decline

40
Q

during which angular velocity maximal torque capability increases until about 90o/s, after which it declines gradually.

A

eccentric

41
Q

place angular velocity in order of muscle force

A

eccentric > isometric >concentric

42
Q

strength-to-mass ration reflect what

A

athlete ability to accelerate their body

43
Q

Is the strength-to-mass ratio of larger athletes higher or lower than that of smaller athletes?

A

no, smaller athlete will have a higher strength to mass ratio

44
Q

as body size (increase/decrease) body mass (increase/decrease) rapidly than the does muscle strength

A

increase, increase

45
Q

a muscle contractile force is fairly proportional to its

A

csa

46
Q

muscle mass is proportional to its

A

volume

47
Q

during a free weight exercise, when the weight is horizontally closer to the joint, it exerts (more/less) resistive force

A

less

48
Q

what happen in beggining of a barbell curl

A

the bar is accelerated from a zero velocity to an upward velocity.

49
Q

what happen near the top of a barbell curl

A

there is some deceleration to bring the bar’s velocity back to zero.

50
Q

what happen early in the ROM of a barbell curl

A

the agonist muscles receive resistance in excess of the bar weight

51
Q

what happen toward the end of the ROM of a barbell curl

A

the agonist muscles receive resistance less than the bar weight.

52
Q

coefficient of static friction is always (greater/less) than the coeffienc of sliding friction

A

greater

53
Q

what is surface drag

A

Results from the friction of a fluid passing along the surface of an object.

54
Q

what is form drag

A

Results from the way in which a fluid presses against the front or rear of an object moving through it.

55
Q

fluid-resistance exercise machine allow what

A

Allow rapid acceleration early in the exercise movement.
Allow little acceleration after higher speeds are achieved.

56
Q

which type of exercise machine Do not generally provide an eccentric exercise phase, although machines with an internal pump do.

A

fluid-resisted exercise machine

57
Q

which type of exercise machine cannot perform isokinetic exercise

A

fluid-resisted exercise machine

58
Q

during 3rd class lever muscle is at advantage or disadvantage and why

A

This is a disadvantage because a larger muscular force is required to move the resistance.
MM < MR, FM > FR .

59
Q

during 2nd class lever muscle are at advantage or disadvantage

A

This is an advantage because a small muscular force is required to move a person’s body weight.because
MM > MR, FM < FR .

60
Q

1st class lever muscle work at an advantage or disadvantage

A

disadvantage

EXCI 352 (14 decks)

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