ANAEROBIC TRAINING

Question 1

anaerobic training is characterized by what

Answer 1

is characterized by high-intensity, intermittent bouts of exercise.

Question 2

Long-Term Adaptations in Response to Anaerobic Training improve in

Answer 2

Muscular strength,
Muscular power,
Muscular hypertrophy,
Muscular endurance,
Motor skills, &
Coordination.

Question 3

what does decrease with adaptation to resistance training

Answer 3

% body fate and mitochondria

Question 4

Motor cortex activity increases when

Answer 4

the level of force developed increases.
new exercises or movements are being learned.

Question 5

Anaerobic Training
many neural changes take place along the

Answer 5

descending corticospinal tract

Question 6

Untrained Individuals
display limited ability to maximally recruit

Answer 6

motor neuron especially fast-twitch motor unit

Question 7

Gains in maximal strength & power of agonist muscles are generally associated with:

Answer 7

an increase in recruitment,
an increased rate of firing,
greater synchronization of neural discharge, or
a combination of all these factors.

Question 8

what is Henneman’s Size Principle

Answer 8

is a rule describing the orderly recruitment & decruitment of motor units.

Question 9

characteristic of type 1 motor unit

Answer 9

Smaller diameter axons
Lower recruitment thresholds
Higher input resistance
More excitable
Typically recruited first

Question 10

caracteristic of type II motor unit

Answer 10

Larger diameter axons
Higher recruitment thresholds
Lower input resistance
Less excitable
Typically recruited after Type 1 MUs

Question 11

Low-threshold motor units
are recruited

Answer 11

first & have lower force capabilities than higher-threshold motor units.

Question 12

With heavy resistance training,
all muscle fibers get (smaller/larger) because motor units are recruited in a

Answer 12

larger, sequential order by their size to produce high levels of force.

Question 13

In advanced lifters,
the CNS might adapt by allowing these well-trained athletes to recruit some motor units in a nonconsecutive order, by recruiting smaller/larger ones first to promote greater production of power or speed in a movement.

Answer 13

larger

Question 14

In the Deschenes et al. (2000) study resistance exercise training significantly increased:

Answer 14

endplate perimeter length,
endplate area, &
the dispersion of ACh receptors within the endplate region.

Question 15

Anaerobic Training
enhances

Answer 15

reflex response, reflex potentiation, the magnitude & rate of force development.

Question 16

increase emg =

Answer 16

greater neural activation

Question 17

increase emg =

Answer 17

greater neural activation

Question 18

The onset of muscle hypertrophy
is associated with a decline/incline in EMG activity

Answer 18

decline

Question 19

Skeletal muscle adapts to anaerobic training and these change result in

Answer 19

primarily by increasing its size,
facilitating fiber type transitions, &
enhancing its biochemical & ultrastructural components.

Question 20

Skeletal muscle adapts to anaerobic training and these change result in

Answer 20

primarily by increasing its size,
facilitating fiber type transitions, &
enhancing its biochemical & ultrastructural components.

These changes result in
enhanced muscular strength, power, & muscular endurance.

Question 21

Muscle Hypertrophy
is primarily due to an increase in

Answer 21

CSA in existing fibers

Question 22

Process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in the:

Answer 22

net accretion of the contractile proteins actin & myosin within the myofibril.
number of myofibrils within a muscle fiber.
synthesis of structural proteins such as titin & nebulin.

Question 23

Process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in the:

Answer 23

net accretion of the contractile proteins actin & myosin within the myofibril.
number of myofibrils within a muscle fiber.
synthesis of structural proteins such as titin & nebulin.

Question 24

Protein synthesis:
is elevated after and remain elevated up to

Answer 24

acute resistance training for up to 48h

Question 25

Magnitude of protein synthesis depends on:

Answer 25

carbohydrate & protein intake.
timing of nutrient intake.
mechanical stress of the weight training workout.
muscle cell hydration levels.
anabolic hormonal response.
subsequent receptor response to hormones.

Question 26

Magnitude of protein synthesis depends on:

Answer 26

carbohydrate & protein intake.
timing of nutrient intake.
mechanical stress of the weight training workout.
muscle cell hydration levels.
anabolic hormonal response.
subsequent receptor response to hormones.

Question 27

resistance training result in increase in type I, Type II or both muscle fiber area and which one has greater increase in size

Answer 27

both, type II

Question 28

Training & activation of high-threshold motor units:
result in the transition of Type IIx muscle fibers to , this mean that a shift of the type of

Answer 28

type IIa, this means that a shift of the type of myosin ATPase & heavy chains takes place during training.

Question 29

Resistance training has been shown to:
increase

Answer 29

the angle of pennation in pennate muscle

Question 30

The combination of resistance, sprint, & jump training has been shown to:
increase

Answer 30

fascicle length in rectus femoris muscle

Question 31

Sprint & jump training have been shown to:
increase

Answer 31

fascicle length in vastus lateralis muscle.

Question 32

Resistance training has been shown to increase

Answer 32

myofibrillar volume,
cytoplasmic density,
sarcoplasmic reticulum density,
T-tubule density,
sodium-potassium ATPase activity.

Question 33

Sprint training has been shown to:
enhance

Answer 33

calcium

Question 34

Heavy resistance training has been shown to:
reduce

Answer 34

mitochondrial density

Question 35

Resistance training has been shown to

Answer 35

decrease capillary density
increase resting CP and ATP concentration
increase glycogen content

Question 36

how can athlete stimulate bone formation

Answer 36

Select MJ structural exercises that involve many muscle groups at once.
Select exercises that direct axial force vectors through the spine & hip.
Use the principle of progressive overload to stress the musculoskeletal system.
Use both heavy-load exercises & ballistic or high-impact exercises to expose the bone to different intensities of force.
Vary the exercise selection to change the distribution of force insults & to present a unique stimulus for new bone formation.

Question 37

How Can Athletes Stimulate Adaptationsin Tendons, Ligaments, & Fascia?

Answer 37

High-intensity exercises (loads) should be used because they markedly change the collagen content of connective tissue.
Forces should be exerted throughout the full ROM of a joint.
MJ exercises should be used whenever possible.

Question 37

How Can Athletes Stimulate Adaptationsin Tendons, Ligaments, & Fascia?

Answer 37

High-intensity exercises (loads) should be used because they markedly change the collagen content of connective tissue.
Forces should be exerted throughout the full ROM of a joint.
MJ exercises should be used whenever possible.

Question 38

How Can Athletes Stimulate Adaptations in Cartilage?

Answer 38

Moderate-intensity anaerobic exercise seems adequate for increasing cartilage thickness.
Strenuous exercise does not appear to cause degenerative joint disease when progressively overloaded appropriately.
Adopt a variety of exercise modalities & ensure that the load is applied throughout the ROM to maintain tissue viability.