Endocrine

Question 1

what does hypercalcemia do to QT interval

Answer 1

shortens it

Question 2

tx for hypercalcemia initially

Answer 2

IV hydration

Question 3

tx for hypercalcemia due to immobilixation

Answer 3

IV hydratio and loop diuretics

Question 4

hypocalcemia is a level < then what

Answer 4

8.5

Question 5

hypocalcemia does what to QT

Answer 5

prolongs it

Question 6

what is going on in pseudohypoparathyroidism

Answer 6

the receptors to PTH are not working so PTH his hugh, calcium is low and phos is high

Question 7

what mimcs PTH and treates pseudohypoparathyroidism

Answer 7

calcitriol

Question 8

nephrotic syndrome causes measured calcuim to look low becuase of what

Answer 8

low albumin

Question 9

how to calculate ionized calcium when albumin is low

Answer 9

add 0.8 to calcium for every 1 ddrop in albumin

Question 10

hyperventilation causes a transient resp alkalosis causing what to happen to calcium

Answer 10

hypocalcemia and parasthesisa

Question 11

initially in Rhabodo calcium levels are

Answer 11

low

Question 12

liver sends 25 Vit D to the kidney where it is changed to

Answer 12

1,25 Vit D (active form)

Question 13

familial hypophosphatemic rickets will have what calcium and phos levels

Answer 13

normal or low calcium and low phos

this is a problem with the kidneys turning 25 VIT D to 1,25 and reabsorbing phos in the PCT
tx with oral phos and 1,25Vit D

Question 14

elevated TSH and low T4 =

Answer 14

hypothyroidism

Question 15

treating graves in pregnant women, what drug and why

Answer 15

PTU because methamizole is a teratogen but PTU hurts liver so get off after early pregnancy

Question 16

how do PTU and methamizole work

Answer 16

inhibit T4 production in graves disease

Question 17

Low calcium and low phos

Answer 17

Severe vitamin D deficiency

Question 18

Low calcium and high phosphorus

Answer 18

Hypo, parathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism (hi PTH, but PTH resistance.)

Question 19

acth levels in addisons are

Answer 19

elevated because the adrenals are not responding

Question 20

secondary adrenal insufficiency. ACTH levels are

Answer 20

low (no hyponatremia or hyperkalemia seen - aldosterone is present)

Question 21

tx for primary adrenal Ins.

Answer 21

hydrocortisone (cortisol) and fludricortisone (aldo)

Question 22

inital tx for adrenal crisis

Answer 22

glucose, cortisone and IV saline

Question 23

the build up of androgens and reduction of cortisol and aldosterone is

Answer 23

CAH (21 OH deficiency)

Question 24

what makes a NBS + for CAH

Answer 24

high levels of 17 OH

Question 25

AH tx

Answer 25

fludricortisone and hydrocortisone

Question 26

baby girl with septic shock and ambiguous genitalia should make you think

Answer 26

CAH (androgen excess)

Question 27

what is the tx for primary AD vs secondary

Answer 27

primary - hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone
secondary - just hydrocortisone because renin angiotensin is fine

Question 28

CAH is due to a deficiency in what enzyme

Answer 28

21 hydroxylase

Question 29

what lab is high in 21 OH deficiency

Answer 29

17 OH

Question 30

decreased steroid and sex hormone production and increased aldo is what kind of CAH

Answer 30

17OH deficiency

Question 31

micropenis is classified as a penile length less than

Answer 31

2cm