Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COMAT - IM > Murmurs/Cardiomyopathies > Flashcards

Murmurs/Cardiomyopathies Flashcards

1
Q

Murmurs are graded 1-6. What is grade 3?

A

Murmur is louder than S1 and S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Murmurs are graded 1-6. What is grade 4?

A

A palpable thrill is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Murmurs are graded 1-6. What is grade 5 and 6?

A

5 = Heard with stethoscope half off chest
6 = Heard without stethoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 2 types of murmurs should be further evaluated?

A
  1. ANY diastolic murmur
  2. Systolic murmurs that are 3+ grade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 2 types of murmurs should be further evaluated?

A
  1. ANY diastolic murmur
  2. Systolic murmurs that are 3+ grade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Certain murmurs become louder with more blood in the heart, what are 2 maneuvers to do this?

A
  • Leg lift
  • Squatting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A majority of the murmurs will become louder with?

A

More blood in the heart
– leg lift or squatting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What often causes Mitral Stenosis?

A

Rheumatic heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What will be heard with Mitral Stenosis?

A

Opening snap and diastolic rumble at the apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the unique treatment for Mitral Stenosis?

A

Balloon valvuloplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What often causes Regurgitation murmurs?

A

Infection
Infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What will be heard with Mitral Regurgitation?

A

Holosystolic murmur at the apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can cause Mitral Regurgitation?

A

Rupture of chordae/papillae muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can cause Aortic Regurgitation?

A

Aortic Dissection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What will be heard with Aortic Regurgitation?

A

Decrescendo rumbling diastolic murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What often causes Aortic Stenosis?

A

Calcified valve from atherosclerosis/bicuspid valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What will be heard with Aortic Stenosis?

A

Crescendo-Decrescendo systolic murmur that radiates to the carotids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for Mitral Regurgitation and both Aortic murmurs?

A

Valve replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Certain murmurs become louder with less blood in the heart. How is this done?

A

Valsalva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What murmurs will become louder with valsalva (less blood in the heart)?

A

HOCM
MVP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What murmurs will become softer/better with more blood in the heart (leg lift/squat)?

A

HOCM
MVP

22
Q

What are the presenting signs of HOCM?

A

Young athlete with dyspnea or syncope on exertion
– (+) family history often

23
Q

What causes HOCM?

A

Sarcomere dysfunction that leads to septal hypertrophy and LV outflow obstruction

24
Q

What will be heard with HOCM?

A

Aortic Stenosis murmur
= Crescendo-Decrescendo systolic murmur

25
Q

What is the treatment for HOCM?

A

Beta blocker and maintain hydration

26
Q

What often causes MVP?

A

Congenital – seen in young women

27
Q

What will be heard with MVP?

A

Holosystolic murmur
= Mid-systolic click

28
Q

What is the treatment for MVP?

A

Beta blocker and maintain hydration

29
Q

With Dilated Cardiomyopathy, the chambers of the heart will be dilated with thin walls. What are some possible etiologies?

A

Virus
Alcohol
Ischemia

30
Q

What often causes Concentric Hypertrophy?

A

Hypertension

31
Q

What are 3 possible causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Amyloid
  2. Sarcoid
  3. Hemachromatosis
32
Q

What are 3 possible causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Amyloid
  2. Sarcoid
  3. Hemachromatosis
33
Q

If Amyloid is causing Restrictive Cardiomyopathy, what else may be present? How do you begin to diagnose?

A
  • Peripheral Neuropathy
    ==> Fat pad/gingival biopsy
34
Q

If Sarcoid is causing Restrictive Cardiomyopathy, what else may be present?
How do you begin to diagnose?

A
  • Lung disease
    ==> Cardiac MRI with endomyocardial biopsy
35
Q

If Hemachromatosis is causing Restrictive Cardiomyopathy, what else may be present?
How do you begin to diagnose?

A
  • Bronze DM or Cirrhosis
    ==> Ferritin level and genetic screen
36
Q

HOCM and MVP will improve with what maneuvers?

A

More blood in the heart
= Leg lift or squat

37
Q

HOCM and MVP will worsen with what maneuvers?

A

Less blood in the heart
= Valsalva

38
Q

With Right sided HF, blood backs up into the IVC/SVC. What are some symptoms?

A

JVD
Hepatosplenomegaly
Peripheral edema

39
Q

With Left sided HF, blood backs up into the lungs. What are some symptoms?

A

Dyspnea on exertion
Orthopnea
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

40
Q

3 tests to order for evaluation of HF?

A
  • BNP
  • Echo
  • Left heart cath
41
Q

3 tests to order for evaluation of HF?

A
  • BNP
  • Echo
  • Left heart cath
42
Q

What is the initial treatment for HF? (2)

A

Beta blocker
ACEi

43
Q

What is the initial treatment for HF? (2)

A

Beta Blocker
ACEi

44
Q

Following Beta blocker and ACEi, what can be added to treat HF?

A

Loop Diuretic

45
Q

Following Beta blocker, ACEi, Diuretic, what can be added to treat HF?

A

Spironolactone or Isosorbide-Hydralazine

46
Q

Last medication to add for late HF?

A

Inotrope – ex. Dobutamine

47
Q

For a HF exacerbation, what is the pneumonic for treatment?

A

LMNOP
= Lasix, Morphine, Nitrate, Oxygen, Position

48
Q

Treatment for HF exacerbation?

A

LMNOP
= Lasix, Morphine, Nitrate, Oxygen, Position

49
Q

With a Systolic dysfunction, what causes it? Expected EF?

A

LV is thin/atrophied and unable to contract
** EF = < 50% (LOW)

50
Q

With a Diastolic dysfunction, what causes it?
Expected EF?

A

LV is hypertrophied and unable to relax and fill
** EF = > 50% (Normal/HIGH)

COMAT - IM (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions