Chapter 4

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

Genes
-example: having the gene for brown eyes

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

Expression
-example: expression
-Does not have to be physical trait

Question 3

Dominant

Answer 3

Expressed
-B-dominant brown eye allele

Question 4

Recessive

Answer 4

Recessive
-not always expressed, but present
-b-recessive blue eye allele

Question 5

Behavioral Genetics

Answer 5

How genes influence behaviors, traits,
abilities

Question 6

Behavioral Genetics has….

Answer 6

• Found genetic links for MANY behaviors/mental health issues
  –Depression
  – Learning disabilities
  –Alcohol abuse

Question 7

(anything that is not your genes)

Answer 7

-Predisposition; also environment

Question 8

Concordance Rate

Answer 8

-Degree of similarity

Question 9

Adoption and Twin Studies

Answer 9

-Criticisms
-Parents can decide where babies go
-Same geographic region
-Adopted by family
-cannot tease apart influence of gene and environment

Question 10

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 10

many genes are responsible for a trait

Question 11

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 11

– Many genes lead you to have a certain range of possible intelligence

Question 12

Multifactorial Transmission

Answer 12

multiple factors (genes and
environment) impact expression of trait

Question 13

Multifactorial Transmission

Answer 13

– Your actual intelligence within that range is determined by
environment

Question 14

Epigenetics

Answer 14

–Genes “turned on” or “turned off”
– Phenotype not genotype

Question 15

Epigenetics

Answer 15

• Environment – anything external to genes
  – Pollution, smoking/habits, diet, stress, etc.

Question 16

Epigenetics

Answer 16

• Individual-level

Question 17

Epigenetics

Answer 17

• Can be passed on
  –Dutch Famine

Question 18

Genetic Screening/Counseling Pros

Answer 18

– Prepared
* Self - Huntington’s
* Child - PKU

Question 19

Genetic Screening/Counseling Cons

Answer 19

–Upsetting/stress
–No certainty
* False pos/neg
* Can’t account for environ.
–Misuse of info
* Insurance

Question 20

Passive (Gene-Environment Interactions)

Answer 20

–Child’s environment already matches genes
–Athletic parents have a child that is also athletic, and they
provide an environment that encourages athletic lifestyle

Question 21

Active (Gene-Environment Interactions)

Answer 21

–Child seeks out environment to match genes (niche picking)
–Child has reading genes, so they spend a lot of time in the
school library

Question 22

Evocative (Gene-Environment Interaction)

Answer 22

genes cause children to act in a way that draws out or evokes certain responses from those around them.