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Psy 365 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE EMOTIONS

A

Physiological factors
Subjective feelings
Cognitions
Desire to take action

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2
Q

BASIC EMOTIONS

A

Ekman – facial expression research
Emotion species-specific or culturally shaped?
Traveled to New Guinea

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3
Q

BASIC EMOTIONS

A

Anger, disgust, fear, interest,
happiness, sadness
*Sometimes surprise

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4
Q

BASIC EMOTIONS

A

More evidence of universality:
Babies
Blind individuals

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5
Q

EMOTION AND CULTURE

A

BUT “accents”
Level of expressiveness/extremes

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6
Q

COVID RESEARCH

A

blah

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7
Q

POSITIVE EMOTIONS

A

Smiling - first clear sign of happiness
Reflexive (1st mo.), then social (~2-3 mo.)
Social smiles – directed toward people

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8
Q

NEGATIVE EMOTIONS

A

Crying
Important form of communication
Parent should respond (especially <6 mo.)

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9
Q

FEAR

A

Unfamiliar objects & events (~4-12mo.)

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10
Q

FEAR

A

Stranger anxiety(~6-9 mo. - 2 years)
Less likely:
Parent present
Peers
Smiling

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11
Q

FEAR

A

Separation anxiety (peaks ~15 mo.)
Across cultures

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12
Q

DELAY OF
GRATIFICATION

A

Changes over time?
How do you think kids
today compare to kids in
past decades?

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13
Q

DELAY OF
GRATIFICATION

A

WHY?
Flynn effect and tech
(mobile games?)
Preschool – access and
purpose

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14
Q

ROLE OF PARENTS:
PARENTAL EMOTIONS

A

Expression of emotion
Children model parents/guardians
May shape biases

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15
Q

ROLE OF PARENTS:
PARENTAL EMOTIONS

A

Children influence the expression of
emotion
Ex. difficult temperament

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16
Q

ROLE OF PARENTS:
PARENTAL REACTIONS

A

Response to child’s emotions
Meaningful/worthy of attention
Criticize/minimize/dismiss feelings

17
Q

ROLE OF PARENTS:
PARENTAL DISCUSSION

A

Educate children about emotions
Circumstances
Consequences
Emotion coaching vs emotion dismissing

18
Q

Social referencing

A

Social referencing is when infants read facial expressions to help them make decisions. Social referencing starts between eight and ten months of age, while infants use visual information obtained from their parents’ or caregivers’ faces to help them understand different situations

19
Q

EMOTION REGULATION IN INFANCY

A

*External → internal

20
Q

EMOTION REGULATION IN INFANCY

A

*Newborn – parents
*~6 mos. – self-soothing; avert gaze
*~2 yrs. – attention; language

21
Q

EMOTION REGULATION IN INFANCY

A

*Emotion acknowledgement or dismissing

22
Q

Childhood regulation

A

*Covering eyes
*Talk about feelings
*Talk to self in soothing way

23
Q

Adolescent regulation

A

*Cognitive strategies
*Reframe situation
*Feeling vs expressing

24
Q

Adolescent regulation

A

*Cognitive strategies
*Reframe situation
*Feeling vs expressing

25
Q

KONRAD LORENZ

A

Ethological theory
Biology & Evolution
Critical/sensitive periods (imprinting)

26
Q

HARRY HARLOW

A

More than nourishment?
Contact comfort

27
Q

JOHN BOWLBY

A
  • Attachment theory
    *Survival
28
Q

JOHN BOWLBY

A
  • Secure base
    *Security and exploration
29
Q

JOHN BOWLBY

A

*Internal working model of attachment
*Early attachment -> later attachment

30
Q

MARY AINSWORTH

A

Strange Situation
Assesses attachment using:
Secure base
Separations and reunions

31
Q

Secure

A

secure base: yes
separation: upset
reunion: easily calms
most common

32
Q

Ambivalent

A

secure base: no
separation: upset
reunion: difficult to calm; angry

33
Q

Avoidant

A

secure base: no
separation: not upset
reunion: avoids mom

34
Q

Disorganized

A

inconsistent
least common

35
Q

CULTURAL VARIATIONS IN ATTACHMENT

A

Order:
Secure
Ambivalent and Avoidant
Disorganized

36
Q

ROMANIAN ORPHANAGES

A
  • Poor conditions
  • No meaningful relationships
  • Long term impact
  • Earlier adoption = better outcome
  • Supports sensitive period
37
Q

CAN
ATTACHMENT
STYLE CHANGE?

A
  • Style influenced by sensitivity to child’s needs
    Consistency in caregiving = better attachment
38
Q

CAN
ATTACHMENT
STYLE CHANGE?

A
  • Can it be trained? – YES
39
Q

CAN
ATTACHMENT
STYLE CHANGE?

A

*Insecure → secure: with training
No attachment → securely attached (adoption)

Psy 365 (18 decks)

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