Chapter 5.2

Question 1

Ovum

Answer 1

(or egg) the prenatal journey begins when a follicle and a woman’s ovaries mature and releases the egg

Question 2

Ovulation

Answer 2

an egg is released during her monthly ovulation (shortest stage)

Question 3

Trimesters

Answer 3

those nine months are divided in a different way, into 3-months periods called trimesters.

Question 4

1st Trimester

Answer 4

it may not be apparent to other people that the woman is pregnant, but changes in the level of her hormones may cause fatigue breast tenderness and morning sickness, nausea that often subsides as the day progresses.

Question 5

2nd Trimester

Answer 5

most women start to feel better and the pregnancy becomes more apparent as the fetus grows along. The woman is now able to feel the fetus moving inside of her.

Question 6

3rd Trimester

Answer 6

the fetus continues to grow and lonely becomes more tired and uncomfortable. At this time she will experience a fetus dropping lower within her and it begins to get into a position to begin the birth process.

Question 7

neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Answer 7

a group of conditions caused by drug withdrawal from a substance the infant was exposed to prenatally

Question 8

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 8

which includes physical characteristics such as abnormal facial features, small structure, and a small head, and functional problems with learning memory and attention span, as well as poor reasoning and judgment abilities.

-alcohol spectrum disorders, which include any subset of characteristics of FAS at varying levels of severity. Our understanding of how alcohol affects a pregnancy is described with more detail.

Question 9

tobacco

Answer 9

increases the risk of an infant being born prematurely, at a low birth rate, or with a birth defect, as well as the risk of an infant dying from sudden infant death syndrome. Smoking has been associated with problems during pregnancy but it can also be a major contributor to later developmental problems for the child. It can cause a lifetime risk of respiratory problems such as asthma or being obese or overweight in later development.

Question 10

cocaine

Answer 10

use is associated with complications during pregnancy as well as an increased probability of the infant being born prematurely at a low birth rate, or gestational age

Question 11

How can extensive stress impact a pregnancy? What factors (either those listed in the book or ones you thought of on your own) contribute to maternal stress?

Answer 11

• When our bodies are in stress mode, it produces stress hormones, and one of them is cortisol which can be passed through the placenta. Stress is also associated with some behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents, including problems in attention regulation, cognitive and motor development, and fearful temp

Question 12

SIDS

Answer 12

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old. SIDSis sometimes known as crib death because the infants often die in their cribs.

-a physical vulnerability in the infant, for example low birthweight or respiratory infection

-some factors in sleep environment, for example not putting that infant to sleep on his or hers back or overheating the infant with too much clothing

-crucial time in early development when the portion of the infant’s brain that controls breathing and waking up from sleep has not matured enough to work properly