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finals revision > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 causes of conductive hearing loss

A

ear wax
foreign body
OM
OE
Glue ear
Perforated TM
Otosclerossi
Cholesteatoma

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2
Q

Name 4 causes of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Age-related - Presbycusis
Noise exposure
Acoustic neuroma
Menieres disease
Labrynthitis
Stroke / MS
Gentamicin

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3
Q

Name 4 sx of glandular fever

A

Sore throat
Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Headache
Malaise
Splenomegaly
Haemolytic anaemia

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4
Q

Give 4 sx of Obstructive sleep apnoea

A

Headache
Daytime sleepiness
Waking up feeling unrefreshed
Snoring
Concentration issues

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5
Q

Give 3 causative pathogens for Otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas areguinosa
Staph aureus
Candida

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6
Q

Give 3 sx for otitis externa

A

Pain
discharge
Itching
conductive hearing loss

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7
Q

Give 3 sx of acoustic neuroma

A

Unilateral
- tinnitus
- sensorineural hearing loss
Absent corneal reflex
Facial palsy

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8
Q

Give 3 causes that trigger BBPV

A

Ageing
trauma
viral infection

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9
Q

What is the Dix Hallpike

A

Diagnosis - rotational beats of nystagmus towards the affected ear

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10
Q

What are the sx of Menieres disease

A

20 minute - several hours episodes
Vertigo
Tinnitus
Hearing loss
sensation of fullness
Unexplained falls - no LoC
Unidirectional nystagmus - acute attack

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11
Q

What is the acute management and prophylaxis of Menieres disease

A

Acute - Prochloperazine

Prophylaxis - Betahistine

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12
Q

Name 3 causes of labrynthitis

A

Viral URTI
OM
Meningitis

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13
Q

What are the sx of labrynthitis

A

vertigo
tinnitus
hearing loss
coryzal sx - cough / sore throat / blocked nose
N+V

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14
Q

What are the sx of vestibular neuronitis

A

Vertigo - hours - days
N+V
Nystagmus
Coryzal sx

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15
Q

What is the management of vestibular neuronitis

A

Short course - 3d
Prochlorperazine
Antihistamines

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16
Q

Name 4 causes of hearing loss in children

A

OM
Meningitis
Maternal rubella
Maternal CMV
Hypoxia after birth
Prematurity

17
Q

Outline anaphylaxis

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
IgE is produced in response to exposure to an allergen
stimulates mast cell degranulation and histamine release leading to sx

Utricaria
Itching
Angio-odema
SOB
Wheeze
Swelling of larynx - stridor
tachycardia

Mx - ABCDE
Remove trigger
A - Secure airway
B - Provide O2 + Salbutamol if wheezing
C - IV fluids
IM Adrenalin 1:1000
Antihistamines
IV hydrocortisone

18
Q

What is measured to confirm true anaphylaxis

A

Mast cell tryptase - within 6 hours

finals revision (17 decks)

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