Practice papers

Question 1

Features of optic neuritis

Answer 1

MS / DM / Syphilis

RAPD
Red colour vision loss
pain worse on movement
central scotoma

Question 2

How do you calculate osmolality

Answer 2

(2xNa+) + glucose + urea

Question 3

What antibiotic is used for MRSA

Answer 3

Vancomycin

Question 4

When should you avoid prescribing duloxetine

Answer 4

eGFR < 30

Question 5

Why is TB incidence on the rise

Answer 5

HIV / AIDS prevelance
Immunosuppresive drugs
Poor socio-economic conditions
Increased immigration from areas of high prevalence
Multidrug resistance

Question 6

3 orgnaisms that colonise lungs in CF

Answer 6

s pneumoniae
H influenza
Burkholderia cepacia

Question 7

What is Pembertons test

Answer 7

facial congestion and cyanosis, as well as respiratory distress when arms are raised above head

Question 8

Signs of IPF on CXR

Answer 8

Reticular shadowing
Reduced lung volume

Question 9

4 RF for OSA

Answer 9

Acromegaly
Enlarged tonsils
Nasal polyps
Obesity
Alcohol

Question 10

what is cor pulmonale

Answer 10

RHF due to chronic pulmonary hypertension

Question 11

4 causes of BHL

Answer 11

TB
Lymphoma
Bornchial carinoma

Question 12

Name 6 adverse effects of coricosteroids

Answer 12

Cushing syndrome
Osteoperosis
Retardation of growth
Thin skin + bruising
Immunosuppresion
Cataracts and glaucoma
Oedema
S
Thin gastric mucosa
Emotional disturbance
Rise in BP
Increase hair growth
DM
Striae

Question 13

What is pleurodesis and what is used

Answer 13

Placing irritant into pleural space to stick visceral pleura to parietal pleura

Talc
Bleomycin
Tetracylin

Question 14

triggers for asthma

Answer 14

Animals
Beta blockers / NSAIDs
cold air
dust
exercise
strong emotions
smoke
infection

Question 15

Name 2 cardiac enzymes that rise folowing cardiac damage

Answer 15

troponin
CK
CK-MB

Question 16

4 adverse effects of PCI

Answer 16

Bleeding
death
infection
MI
stroke
allergy to contrast

Question 17

3 triggers for angina

Answer 17

cold weather
strong emotion
lying down

Question 18

4 tests that can be used to investigate angina

Answer 18

ECG
Excercise ECG
Echo
coronary angiography

Question 19

MOA of aspirin

Answer 19

Prevents platelet aggregation by reducing the production of thromboxane A2

Question 20

MOA of furosemide

Answer 20

Loop diuretic

Inhibits Na/K/Cl2 co-transporter in thick ascending loop of henle

Hypotension
Na+/K+/Mg2+/Ca2+
Hyperglycaemia
Gout
Ototoxicity

Question 21

MOA of bendroflumethizide

Answer 21

Thiazide

Inhibits Na/Cl channel in DCT

Na+/K+/Ca2+
Gout
Impaired glucose tolerance
Impotence

Question 22

BMI Classifications

Answer 22

<18.5

18.5 - 24.9 - normal weight

25 - 29.9 - overweight

30.0-34.9 - Obesity

Question 23

BMI Calculation

Answer 23

weight / h2

Question 24

features of hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 24

silver wiring
AV nipping
flame hemorrhages
cotton wool spots
papilloedema

Question 25

MOA of statin

Answer 25

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis

Question 26

Sx of AF + signs of AF

Answer 26

Palpitations
SOB
Chest pain

Irregular QRS complexes
Absence of P waves

Question 27

Signs of AR

Answer 27

Collapsing pulse
wide pulse pressure
diplaced apex beat
Quincke’s sign - Nailbed

Question 28

3 causes of gynaecomastia

Answer 28

Leydig cell tumour
Meds - digoxin / spirinolactone / GnRH agonists / antipsuchotics
Small cell lung cancer