Electrolytes Flashcards
Electorlyte abnormalities in TLS
PUKE
Hyperkalaemia
Uric acid raised
Hyperphosphotaemia
Hypocalcaemia
What is given as prophylaxis for TLS and what is its MOA
Allopurinol
Xanthase oxidase inhibitor
What electrolyte abnormalities are seen in TLS
Hyperkalaemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypocalcaemia
Features of hypercalcaemia
Bones
Stones
Groans
and psychic moans
Short QT interval on ECG
5 causes of hypercalcemia
Hyperparathyroidsm
Malignancy
- bone mets
PTHrp
Myeloma
Sarcoidosis
Vit D toxicity
Thiazides
Management of hypercalcemia
IV 0.9% saline
Bisphosphonates
Features of hypocalcemia
Tetany - muscle twitching and cramping
perioral paresthesia
Spasms
Anxiety
Seizures
Prolonged QT interval
Trosseus sign - carpal spasm if brachial artery occluded
wrist flexion and fingers drawn together
Chvostek’s sign - tapping over parotid causes facial muscles to twitch
5 causes of hypocalcaemia
Osteomalacia
CKD
Hypoparathyroidism - post-parathyroid surgery
Pseudoparathyroidism
Hyperphosphataemia
-TLS
- Rhabdomyolysis
Acute pancreatitis
management of hypocalcaemia
IV calcium gluconate 10ml
with ECG monitoring
Hypokalaemia features
sx
ECG changes
Muscle weakness and pain
constipation
Hypotonia
Low shallow respirations
U waves
Absent T waves
Prolonged PR
ST depression
Long QT
U have not PoT and no T but a long PR and a long QT
5 causes of Hypokalaemia
vomiting
diarrhoea
thiazides and loop diuretics
cushings syndrome
Conns syndrome
Mg2+ deficiency
5 causes of hyperkalaemia
AKI
CKD
ACEi / ARB
K+ sparing diuretics
Heparin
Addison’s disease
Rhabdomyolysis
Tumour lysis
DKA
Causes of pseudohyperkalaemia
Haemolysis
delayed analysis
contamination with EDTA
Hyperkalaemia ECG changes
Tall tented t waves
flat p waves
prolonged PR
Wide QRS
3 causes of hypernatraemia
dehydration
HOHS
DI
Excess saline
