elizabeth Flashcards

1
Q

when was lizzie crowned queen

A

1558

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2
Q

who were lizzies parents

A

henry viii and anne boleyn

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3
Q

who were lizzies siblings

A

mary - from henry and cathrine of arogen
edward - from henry and jane seymour

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4
Q

why was it not likely for lizzie to become queen

A

her sister and her brother both came before her in the line of succession
her birth had been made illegitimate after her mother was executed because the pope never consented to henrys first divorce to cathrine of arogen

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5
Q

what was a patronage

A

awarding tiles, money, monopolies and land to noblemen to encourage them to support her

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6
Q

who made up the royal court

A

it was run by the lord chamberlin and was located wherever the queen was. it was made up of servants , advisors , officials and nobles it was the centre of political power

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7
Q

who made up the privy council and what did it do

A

it was run by the secutary of sate and was in charge of the day to day running of the country. members were mostly nobilety who lizzie could chose and dismiss as she liked. she trusted them and didnt interfer on a daily basis.

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8
Q

who were the justice of the peace

A

in charge of maintaining order and enforcing the law

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9
Q

who made up parliament and what did they do

A

made up of the house of lords and the hpuse of common
they passed new laws but lizzie could chose when she wanted to call parliament and was free to ignore their advice
used them 13 times in 45 years

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10
Q

what was a progress

A

500 people travelled with the queen to noble estates in order to visit the ordinary people around the country.
nobles were given a 2 year warning in order to renovate their homes

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11
Q

who was william cecil

A

became secutary of state during edwards reign. heps lizzie to make england protestant
cecil becomes lord treasurer
advisor
helps to rule the country

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12
Q

who was Francis walsingham

A

secutary of state in 1572
protestant spy master who uncovered the babington plot
advisor
helped to rule the country

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13
Q

who was robert cecil

A

william cecils son gets a promotion when walsingham dies. not good at this job but lizzie likes him
clashes with robert devereux
advisor
helps to rule the counrty

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14
Q

who was robert dudley

A

knew lizzie since they were children
she made in earl of Leicester
the one man she ever loved, he proposed and she said no
he remarried twice
love interest
to marry
advisor

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15
Q

who was robert devereux

A

courtier and soldier famous for his charm
he proposed but he was 33 years younger than lizzie , she said no , he organised the essex rebellion and she had him killed
love interest
to marry
for pleasure

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16
Q

who was phillip of spain

A

king of spain , catholic , married to bloody mrry but propsed to lizzie
to marry

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17
Q

what problems did lizzie face when she became queen in 1558

A

SUCCESION - she had no heir and it was unclear who would succed her
FOREIGN POLICY - catholic counrties like spain and france had the support of the pope to overthrown lizzie
MARY QUEEN OF SCOTTS - with no heir mary was lizzies next in line to the trown but she was catholic and some people saw her as the rightful queen
IRELAND - lizzie considered herslef queen of ireland but she faced many revolts
TAXATION - country was short on money and lizzie had to raise taxes which was unpopular
RELIGION- catholics did not trust her as they did not agree with her parents marraige . puritanisum was a threat as they wanted to take control of lizzies church

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18
Q

for and against lizzies marraige

A

FOR
create alience with another counrty
produce an heir to continue the tutdor line
AGAINST
loss of authority
giving birth was risky
her experince of marraige was bad
she could use the possibilty of marraige to her advantage whilst dealing with foreign minister s

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19
Q

what were the problems with parliament

A

in 1566 lizzie angrily banned them from talking about her marriage situation
puritains in parliament tried to introduce new laws in their favour
the were unsuccesful in dealing with the poor untill 1601
they thought monopolies were unfair
parliament wanted mary queen of scots executed but izzie wasnt sure
MP wentworth was arrested 3 times whilst arguing for freedom of speach in parliament

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20
Q

causes of the essex rebelion

A

during an argument with the queen in court he almost drew his sword on her and he was arrested
he was sent to ireland to deal with the rebelion but instead he signed a truce
on his return he rushed into the queens bed chamber
as a result she refused to renew his wine monopoly

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21
Q

events of the essex rebelion

A

feb 1601 essex took 4 privy councilor hostage and marched with 200 supporter s to his house in london
reobert cecil labeled him a traitor and his supporter paniced and fled
essex was arrested

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22
Q

concequences of the essex rebelion

A

essex was put on trial of treason and sentenced to death
he named all teh other rebels involved including his sister
he was executed on the 25 feb 1601

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23
Q

causes of the northern rebelion

A

the northern earls wanted england to be catholic
they tried to get lizzie to mary the duke of norfolk
she summoned them to court so they decided to revolt

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24
Q

events of the northern rebelion

A

earls ordered workers to join the rebelion and march south
they stormed a cathedral in durham and held and illgeal mass
lizzie moved mary queen of scotts to a prison further south and sent 100 000 troops to the north
the earls hoped spain would help but they did not
their aim was to get lizzie to accept mary as her heir
the earls escaped to scottland but 450 were executed

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25
Q

concequences of the northern rebelion

A

the spannish ambasador was expelled from england
duke of norfolk was arrested and found guilty of treason he was killed in june 1572
mary was put in a high security prison

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26
Q

what year was the northern rebelion

A

1569

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27
Q

what year was the essex rebelion

A

1601

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28
Q

how did the gentry show off their wealth

A

changing their homes :
no longer need for defence because england was politically stable and now showed off wealth with
expensive glass windows
great halls were replaced by long galleries
more rooms so that servants were seperated from owners

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29
Q

who built hardwick hall and when

A

bess of hardwick ( shrewsberry) 1590-1597

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30
Q

key facts about actors and playwrites in the theatre

A

famous playwrites often released new work every year (shakespeare)
actors were all male and would return to roles many times ( richard burbage)
theatre companies were named after the people who funded them ( the lord chamberlins men )

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31
Q

how was the theatre seating aranged

A

it followed the great chain of being
ordinary stood in the pit and were completly open to the weather
gentlemens rooms were balconies around the side with seating
the gallery was covered over for the rich people
the lords room was the most expensive seats
royal box

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32
Q

why was the theatre so popular

A

it was affordable
it was new
it was a social event
it was entertaining
it was relevent to the time period

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33
Q

why was there opposition to the theatre

A

puritins saw it as a distraction from prayer
concerns that large gatherings would spread disease
thought it was a dangerous place full of immoral behavior

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34
Q

reasons elizabethan era was was golden age

A

improvments in navigation and astronomy as well as better printing press to spead info quickly
wealthy boys and some girls recieved education
plays and poetry was popular and is still famous today
great homes such as hardwick hall was built
theatre was popular
discovery of new land
england became a major world power
art and silverware became a sign of wealth

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35
Q

reasons it was not a golden age

A

blood sports were popular
execution and torture was still used by the gov
a small minority lived in luxuary
life expectancy was low and medical treatment was ineffective

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36
Q

reasons for povety in elizabethan england

A

reformations under henry viii lead to closure of the monestries so church workers were left with no where to live and ill people had no where to go
colapse in the cloth trade left people unemployed
bad harvest between 1594 and 1598 led to food shortages and inflation
enclosure was when landlords began to farm sheep because it needed less workers
population increase ment landlords could increase rent ( rent racking)
flu killed farm workers

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37
Q

how did people help the deserving poor

A

people recognnised it was their duty to help thos ebellow them in society
charities to help the poor grew and almshouses were set up
paupers could not help their situation and were not blamed

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38
Q

what did vagabonds do to scam people

A

counterfit cranks bit soap so that it went frothy at the mouth and people would feel sympathy and give them money
baretop tricksters were women who would trick men by taking her clothes off and then rob them
clapper dudgeons would cut himself and tie dirty bandages on his arms so people would give him money
tom o’bedlam would pretend he was mad

39
Q

how were beggars delt with before 1601

A

they were put into the stocks or sent back to their home towns
beggars were publicly whipped
if they were caught a second time they would have a hole burned into their ear
the third time they were hanged

40
Q

what did the poor law of 1601 do

A

it said :
the wealthy should be taxed to pay for the care of the sick and vulnerable
fit and healthy paupers should be given work
those who refused work could be whipped or put in a house of correction

41
Q

what are the three categories for poor people and what happened to them under the poor laws

A

helpless poor - given food and accomidation
able bodied poor - had to work inexchange for food
idle poor - punished and sent to house of correction

42
Q

how succesful was the poor laws

A

begging decreased but that was due to the threat of the houses of correction
they were not properly enforced in some areas

43
Q

what did sir francis drake do

A

between 1577 and 1580 drake completed the first circumnavigation of the world in one expedition

43
Q

what did sir francis drake do

A

between 1577 and 1580 drake completed the first circumnavigation of the world in one expedition

44
Q

what happened on francis drakes expedition

A

leaves december 1577
responds to mutiny in july 1578 by killing thomas doughtly
september 1578 - he is the first english man to sail through the straits of magellan
sails up the coast raiding spannish ports
june 1579 only drakes ship remains as he lands in northamerica and claims it for the queen
march - june 1580 he navigates the cape of good hope
returns to plymouth 26 september 1580 and is knighted

45
Q

what did sir walter raleigh do

A

given a royal charter to explore the new world in 1584 and colonise any land not owned by a christian
he was given 1/5 of all the gold and silver he found
two colonies were set up but neither lasted

46
Q

how was exploration made possible

A

better weapons made it easier to go into hostile territory
ships were made a lot faster
navigation was made easier through the use of astrolabe and accurate compasses

47
Q

what the impacts of the voyages to the new world

A

john hawkins was a respected courtier ans salior who was responsible for building the navy and commanding the spannish armada
in 1564 he kidnapped several hundered west africans and sold them in south america

raiding spannish ships and ports allowed stolen riches to be returned to england
trading systems were established and grew over the following centuraries bringiing ew products like silk , spices and porcilin to england
the east indian trade company was set up in 1600
slave trade grew as more people saw how rich hawkins got
victory in the spannish armada showed how strong the navy now was
english colonies grew in north america

48
Q

what were the catholic beliefs and practises

A

pope is head of the church
bible and church service is in latin
preists do not marry
highly decorated churches
bread and wine transforms into the body and blood jesus
piests are ordinary people witha link to god

49
Q

what were the protestant beliefs and practices

A

monarch is head of the church
bible and service is in english
plain churches
bread and wine represents blood and body of jesus
ordinary people connect with god via prayer

50
Q

what do both catholics and protestants believe

A

god created the world
jesus was gods son
those who challenge faith must be punished

51
Q

what was included in lizzies religious settlement

A

priests were allowed to marry
services were in english and followed the common book of prayer
catholics could worship in private
moderate protestant mathew parker was names archbishop of cantebury

52
Q

when was the religious settlement

A

1559

53
Q

what was the act of supremecy

A

england became protestant
elizabthen became supreme governor of the church of england
bishops were given the job of running the church
all clergy men had to swear an oath of allegiance to Elizabeth

54
Q

what was the act of uniformity

A

new english protestant prayer book was put in every church
services were in english and so was the bible
bread and wine were taken but the meaning was left open
some ornaments and decorations were allowed
priest wore quite fine vestments and were allowed to marry
everyone had to attend church on sunday or pay a 1 shilling fine

55
Q

what happened in the Ridolfi plot

A

ridolfi tried to arrange the marraige of the duke of norfolk and MQS
he gained support of the spannish and planned an assasination of the queen but incriminating letters were seizzed at dover
norfolk was tried and hung

56
Q

when was the ridolfi plot

A

1571

57
Q

what happened in the babington plot

A

coded letters were discovered between babington and MQS offering to kill elizaeth and keep MQS informed. walsingham discovered the plot and mary was executed for high treason

58
Q

when was the babington plot

A

1586

59
Q

what happened in the throckmorton plot

A

throckmorton was a messenger between MQS , the spanish ambassador , french ambassador and catholic nobles. the aim was to over throw lizzie with an invasion by france and spain but throckmorton was discovered and admitted it . he was executed and mary was moved to tutbury castle

60
Q

what year was the throckmorton plot

A

1583

61
Q

what was the counter reformation

A

a plan by the catholics to send missionaries to england to convert protestants back to the old faith

62
Q

who were the jesuits and what did they do

A

catholic missionaries sent to england in 1580 to convert protestants
key jesuits :
edmund campion
robert parsons

63
Q

when was elizabeth excommunicated from the catholic church

A

1570

64
Q

how did elizabeth respond to the catholic threat

A

less tolerant to catholics she changed the religious policies
1571 - fines for catholics who didnt take part in protestant services increased
1581- fines increased and were strictly enforced
1585- priests ordained after 1559 were traitors and could be sentenced to death
1593- statute of confinement catholics could not travel 5 miles away from home without permition

65
Q

what happened to jesuits

A

the act against jesuits and seminary priest in 1585 called for them to be driven out of england
many were executed

66
Q

who were puritains

A

strict protestants who were keen to remove all catholic elements from the english church
they studied the bible wore plain clothing and had simple services

67
Q

how did lizzie treat puritans

A

grindal encouraged puritanisum and was archbishop
elizabeth suspended him
john feild a strict puritan was banned from preaching in 1580

68
Q

who were some powerful puritans

A

walsingham
robert dudley

69
Q

why were rules against puritans changed

A

grindal died in 1583 and was replaced by whitgift who was anti puritan
dudley died in 1588
walsingham died in 1590

70
Q

what new rules were put in to crack down on puritanisum

A

banning unlicensed preaching and forces church attendance with fines
high commission could fine or in prison people who did not comply
dissmissal of hundereds of clergy men
crack down on high profile puritans

71
Q

why did plots against elizabeth fail

A

spies
people didnt trust alternative monarchs
punishment
religious settlement

72
Q

who was mary queen of scotts

A

lizzies cousin
catholic
became queen in 1942 only 8 days old
married heir to french throne in 1558
she was heir to english throne because lizzie had no kids
when her husband died she returned to scottland but was unpopular
fled to england in 1567 after being accused of her husbands murder
her son was crowned king

73
Q

why was mary a threat

A

she was younger
she was pretty
she was catholic

74
Q

when was marys sentence

A

25 oct 1586

75
Q

why was lizzie reluctant to sign marys death warrant

A

she feared that other monarchs or her son could want revenge
she was worried about the reaction of other catholic powers

76
Q

when was mary executed

A

8 feb 1587

77
Q

what were the impacts of marys death

A

catholics no longer had a clear alternative monarch as james was a protestant
many saw mary as a martyr to her faith and elizabeth as a wicked heretic
there was not action from france and spain and james accepted lizzies apology

78
Q

reasons for conflict with spain

A

phillip of spain had been married to bloody mary and propossed to lizzie but she said no

papal bull excommunicated the queen and spain was catholic

drake and other sailors had stolen from spannish ships

lizzie supported a protestant uprising in the netherlands in 1566 and in 1585 she sent dudly an 7000 soldiers

79
Q

what was phillips plan for the spanish armada

A

1588
151 ships , 7000 sailors and 34000 soldiers would sail to the netherlands in a cresent formation to collect more men before arriving
in england
the ships were full of weapons for a land
battle

80
Q

how did the english ruin phillips plan

A

6 aug armada anchored of the dutch coast
they were delayed waiting for soldiers
drake sent 8 fireships into the spanish fleet on the 7 aug and the armada went into chaos

81
Q

what happened in the battle of gravelines

A

8 aug 1588
english ships shot at the spanish badly damaging them
spanish comander tried to lead his ships home but the english gave chase

82
Q

how did the storm affect the armada

A

it blew it off course
the ran out of food and their water was polluted , many ships were wrecked and any sailors who made it to shore were killed
only 65 ships returned to spain

83
Q

what were the concequences of the spainish armada

A

england proved itself as a naval power
many catholics swore their loyalty to the queen making her even more respected

84
Q

why was george talbot chosen to keep mary captive
wealth

A

wealth :
paid for 30 extra armed guards
he provided for 40 of marys staff
she ate up to 16 dishes every meal
it cost £3000 a year to feed her court
he was given £2700 a year then £1560 then nothing by lizzie

85
Q

why was george talbot chosen to keep mary captive
social rank

A

nobleman
member of royal court
earl marchall for england - incharge of justice
his wife was bess of hardwick - second richest women in england

86
Q

why was george talbot chosen to keep mary captive
religion

A

moderate protestant
family with more catholic views so mary would feel more welcome

87
Q

what were george talbots attitudes to his responsiblities

A

hesitant at first but dudly and cecil convinced him
it lasted 15 years a nd drained his money , marriage and health
it kept him away from court - he only attended 1 in 15 years
he was able to develop his states and economic interests

88
Q

why was george talbot chosen to keep mary captive
location

A

he owned many estates around sheffield
they were away from the privy council in london
away from nothern earls and scottland
away from spainish and french invasions at the coats
sheffiled manor lodge was on a hill so it had a good vantage point tp see anyone approaching

89
Q

what were the personal concequences of keeping mary captive

A

it was rumored they were having an affair
it was hard to treat her as a criminal
it lead to the break down of his marriage
employing more guards offended mary and their relationship was quite tense

90
Q

evidence mary was kept like a criminal

A

after the Ridolfi plot in 1971 her court reduced from 41 to 15
she also had to give an hours notice before she could leave a room
closely guarded by 40 guards
she was only allowed out in the grounds with an armed escort

91
Q

evidence mary was kept like a queen

A

she had a royal court of over 40 people made up of a doctor , food taster and cook
she ate 16 courses 4 times a day
she ate with the state cloth behind her , usually hung behind a throne
her rooms were decorated with gold and expensive carpets
she did needle work with bess and had many pets

92
Q

when was MQS moved to sheffiled manor lodge

A

1570-1984