8-1

Question 1

Proprioception

Answer 1

• sense of where our body is in space (position)
• can be subconscious/reflexive

Question 2

Kinesthesia

Answer 2

• sense of movements
• behavioural
• conscious

Question 3

Proprioceptive Afference

Answer 3

Afferent signals generated by mechanoreceptors in response to
stimulation that is produced as a consequence of the positions and
movements of body parts and tensions in muscles and joints

Question 4

1. Ex-afference

Answer 4

Generated from an external source
Generated by exteroceptors in response to external stimulation

Question 5

2. Re-afference

Answer 5

Generated from your own movements
Exteroceptor information resulting from a self-generated movement

Question 6

KINESTHESIA VS. PROPRIOCEPTION: HOW
TO ASSESS?

Answer 6

Matching tasks
-Target/Reference
-Simultaneous – Both limbs
-Successive
Advantage – single limb
Disadvantage – memory
Discrimination tasks
-When can you detect the difference

Question 7

Muscle spindle

Answer 7

velocity and length of
muscle

Question 8

Skin

Answer 8

length and velocity of skin stretch, onset of movement, acceleration,

Question 9

GTO

Answer 9

tension/force

Question 10

Joint

Answer 10

pressure, contraction sensitivity,
reflexes?

Question 11

Middle finger extended, unanesthetized

Answer 11

cutaneous, joint & muscle

Question 12

Middle finger extended, anesthetized:

Answer 12

ONLY muscle

Question 13

Middle finger extended, joint anesthetized

Answer 13

cutaneous & muscle

Question 14

Middle finger flexed, unanesthetized:

Answer 14

cutaneous & joint

Question 15

Middle finger flexed, joint anesthetized:

Answer 15

ONLY cutaneous

Question 16

Pinochocchio Effect

Answer 16

Spindle overrides
other sensory info
Others = NO

Question 17

Sensory dominance

Answer 17

conflict arises and brain
chooses one over other sensory information

Question 18

Visual Dominance or Visual Capture

Answer 18

perceive the limb
to be where a “model” is located

Question 19

Joint receptors

Answer 19

After total joint replacement, there is very little if any evidence of decreased joint
position sense

Question 20

Anesthetic

Answer 20

caused decrease in sensitivity
(score), while dextran (lead to swelling only)
increased sensitivity when compared to control

Question 20

Anesthetic

Answer 20

caused decrease in sensitivity
(score), while dextran (lead to swelling only)
increased sensitivity when compared to control

Question 21

HOW IS KINESTHETIC INFORMATION
OBTAINED?

Answer 21

Ambiguous signal from one proprioceptor alone
Combination of multiple inputs (multisensory) for accuracy
All proprioceptors have limitations

Question 22

HOW IS KINESTHETIC INFORMATION
OBTAINED?

Answer 22

Ambiguous signal from one proprioceptor alone
Combination of multiple inputs (multisensory) for accuracy
All proprioceptors have limitations

Question 23

EFFERENCE & AFFERENCE CONTRIBUTE
TO PROPRIOCEPTION/KINESTHESIA

Answer 23

The motor command plays an essential role to generate
kinesthesis, but likely cannot generate kinesthetic perceptions
in the absence of proprioception