12-2

Question 1

postural control

Answer 1

controlling body position in space to maintain stability and orientation

Question 2

center of mass

Answer 2

location where all the mass of body is concentrated

Question 3

centre of gravity

Answer 3

vertical projection of COM to the ground

Question 4

what is the reflex that stepping on a nail could cause

Answer 4

flexor crossed extensor

Question 5

what cortical are would be activated to perceive the pain

Answer 5

somatosensory

Question 6

what neural pathway would the sensory signal travel to get to the cortical area

Answer 6

spinothalamic

Question 7

what afference is sensory feedback

Answer 7

ex affernce

Question 8

center of pressure

Answer 8

point of application of vertical ground reaction force exerted in the body

Question 9

quiet standing

Answer 9

not actually quiet
the human body cannot continually maintain perfect equilibrium, but it can be stabilized
when stable there s some body sway and muscle activity( do to small physiological perturbation ex heartbeat and breathing)

Question 10

standing balance

Answer 10

a controlled rhythmic act of moving body from one place to another- involves a repeated cycle of movement

Question 11

body alignment

Answer 11

• the amount of sway affected by body alignment
• when the body is aligned with one f gravity, energy requirements are minimized and stability maximized
• a stable posture exists if the vertical line action of the force f gravity passing through whole body

Question 12

a person has a stable posture as long as the

Answer 12

line of action of COG is within the base of support

Question 13

postural stability

Answer 13

requires that the COG is within the base of support
- COG is within the base of support provided by the feet

Question 14

inverted pendulum

Answer 14

mass swing back and forth (the mass if the head)

Question 15

base of support

Question 16

coke can

Answer 16

because the cog is within the base of support that coke can will not fall over

Question 17

1. postural stability is ____ if the ______ is reduced

Answer 17

Postural Stability is decreased if the base of support is reduced

Question 18

2. Postural Stability is ____ if the _____is closer to the ____ of the base of support

Answer 18

Postural Stability is decreased if the line of the COG is closer to the edge of the base of support

Question 19

3. Postural Stability is ___if the height of the COM is ____

Answer 19

Postural Stability is decreased if the height of the COM is increased

Question 20

exploratory mechanism

Answer 20

• tell the body where it is in space
• we sway because we want sensory feedback of where we are in space
• the person wants the center of mass to move(we want sensory information)
  (COP increase)

Question 21

cortical or subcortical

Answer 21

• use EEG to record Voluntary movement
• they correlate the EEG signal with the EMG signal (good relationship with muscle and motor cortex)
  -when locked COP increase
  -sub cortical b/c there is something else driving the forces