psych mc 6 Flashcards
All of the following were cited in the textbook as factors which promote relaxation except for
drinking a small amount of alcohol
The Flashback football team had been down by 35 points at half-time, but they had made a big comeback in the second half. With less than 15 seconds remaining on the clock they made a touchdown that narrowed the other team’s lead to a single point. Their quarterback has decided to try for a two-point conversion in an attempt to win the game by a single point in the dying seconds. As the team lines up for the final play of the game, both the quarterback and the intended receiver are likely to be experiencing
pressure
The name Hans Selye gave to the body’s response to stress is
the general adaptation syndrome
A group that one belongs to and identifies with is known as a(n)
ingroup
Which of the following has been shown to increase the risk of such chronic diseases as lung cancer, emphysema, and stroke?
smoking
Evidence from numerous studies of the bystander effect suggests that
it is a widespread phenomenon
Which of the following is not typically a reason for noncompliance with medical advice?
the cost of the medical treatment program
Marriages arranged by families and other go-betweens remain common in cultures high in
collectivism
Which of the following psychologists is known for conducting classic research on obedience to authority?
Stanley Milgram
The Featured Study by Cohen and his colleagues showed that high-stress subjects had a higher incidence of colds than low-stress subjects. This finding indicates that illness and levels of stress are
positively correlated
When Jerry thought he was the only person who was assigned the job of contacting alumni for a 15-year reunion, he spent several hours on the phone each evening trying to reach members of his graduating class. When he learned that eight other people were also working on contacting the alumni he spent only 30 minutes each night making phone calls. The process that would best explain the decrease in Jerry’s effort when he learned that he was working as part of a larger group, is
social loafing
Actors and observers tend to give different explanations for the same instance of behavior because
situational pressures may not be readily apparent to an observer
The week of final exams subjects most students to what kind of stress?
pressure
A man who believes that “women just don’t make good leaders” may dwell on his female supervisor’s mistakes and quickly forget about her achievements. This scenario illustrates which of the following concepts?
the illusory correlation effect
Bruce performed very well on the examination, which he attributed to native ability and hard work. Which bias does this illustrate?
the self-serving bias
Organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people are referred to as
“social schemas”
Individualism is to collectivism as __________ is to __________.
personal; group
The final stage of Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome during which the organism’s resources for fighting stress may be depleted is called
exhaustion
The two major pathways via which the brain may signal the endocrine system are through the
pituitary gland and the autonomic nervous system
A person who is hard-driving, ambitious, competitive, and at risk for having a heart attack is said to have __________ personality.
a Type A
According to Baumeister, the pressure to perform can elevate self-consciousness, which then disrupts our attention by
diverting attention from the demands of the task
Frustration refers to
being blocked in the pursuit of a desired goal
Elliot Aronson views inconsistency as the key to dissonance, but maintains that it is inconsistency between one’s __________ and one’s __________ that motivates dissonance.
self-concept; behavior
Which of the following statements regarding the effectiveness of two-sided arguments is accurate?
Overall, two-sided arguments tend to be more effective than one-sided arguments.
Valerie is doing homework for her statistics class. When she checks the answer she has just calculated for the problem she has been working on, she finds it is incorrect. She is frustrated, and tells her roommate: “I don’t know why I’m even trying, I’ll never catch on in this course. I should just give up now.” According to Albert Ellis, Valerie’s statements reflect
catastrophic thinking
Recent research evidence from studies which have investigated the link between depression and heart disease suggests that
the emotional dysfunction of depression may cause heart disease
According to Hazan and Shaver’s model of infant attachment and romantic love, adults with which of the following attachment styles are most likely to have satisfying, interdependent, and long-lasting relationships?
secure
Behavioral vacillation would be most apt to go with which type of conflict?
approach-avoidance
In making a causal attribution, we first tend to decide if an event was due to __________ causes.
internal or external
Groupthink is more likely when the group
- is under pressure to make a major decision
Travis was piloting a small private jet. He was making his final approach through heavy fog, and when he finally broke through the fog cover at 150 feet he realized that the runway was 20 yards to his left. For an instant he experienced a sensation of total panic, but he quickly took action. With his heart still pounding he gave the plane full throttle in an attempt to clear the rapidly approaching trees. According to Selye’s general adaptation syndrome, as Travis took action he was experiencing
a resistance reaction
In his studies on conformity, Asch found that if a group of persons espouses an opinion contradictory to one’s own opinion, one is most likely to
voice the group’s opinion
Which of the following statements regarding social loafing is not accurate?
Social loafing is an inevitable outcome of group projects.
Which of the following is not a variable people use to stereotype other people?
- ethnicity
- gender
- occupation
- Any of these variables may be used.
(any of these is the answer)
Laboratory experiments with cardiology patients have shown that brief period of mental stress
can trigger acute symptoms of heart disease, such as myocardial ischemia
Constructive coping includes all of the following except
reliance on the use of defense mechanisms
Which of the following statements regarding stereotypes is accurate?
Stereotypes are so pervasive that they are often activated automatically.
The bystander effect is
greater the more people there are in the group
In Weiten’s studies, __________ turned out to be more strongly related to measures of mental health than scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale were.
pressure
Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes is referred to as
individualism
You’ve been invited to dinner at a nice restaurant on the final night of a TV mini-series you’ve been watching and thus find yourself confronted with
an approach-approach conflict
Barbara’s car has been running poorly lately. Whose advice is Barbara most likely to follow in order to make her car run better?
her mechanic
Your unique ideas about how a college class should be run, what a typical straight “A” student is like, and how a typical professor will act are all examples of
social schemas
Most of Conrad’s friends consider him to be highly neurotic. It is likely that, compared to his friends, Conrad is
more likely to perceive events as stressful
Noncompliance with medical advice occurs approximately
30 to 60 percent of the time
The __________ controls the fight-or-flight response as a physiological reaction to a threat.
autonomic nervous system
Love as the basis for marriage is
an 18th-century invention of Western culture
The Featured Study by Cohen and his colleagues showed that
psychological stress can increase people’s susceptibility to infectious disease