Skeletal System Flashcards
Outline some of the basic functions of the skeletal system
protects internal organs, stores and releases fat, produces red blood cells, stores and releases minerals, facilitates mvmt, support the body
outline the divisions of the skeletal system
Axial- longtiudinal axis ( vertical line), forms the ‘trunk’
Appendicular- upper & lower extremities ( appendages), girdles that connect limbs to axial skeleton
Outline the types of bones
Long bone- greater length than width, layers of cartilage to assist with shock absorption
Articulations/ joints- points of contact between bones, crucial for movement
Outline the macrostructures of bones
Medullary Cavity- home to marrow/blood vessels, reduce weight of bone
Periosteum- contains bone cells= allows bone to grow in thickness
Articular Cartilage- reduces friction & absorb shock
what are the 2 types of bone tissue
Cortical
Trabecular
what are the features of the cortical bone
Strongest bone tissue, compact structural units= osteons, high stress, few directions
what are the features of the trabecular bone
small needle-like pierce of bone, forms core of epiphyses, areas of low stress, but many directions
Outline the features of microstructure of bone tissue
Bone matrix:
organic ( 40%)- collagen & protein growth factors
inorganic - mineral salts- mainly calcium & phosphate ions
what is the only cell that divides
Osteogenic
what are osteoblast and osteocyte
osteoblast- build bone tissue, initiate calcification,
Osteocyte- mature bone cell, main cell of bone tissue, assists with daily metabolic activities of bone
what are osteoclast
remove bone tissue, releases enzymes and acids, digest protein & mineral components
What is bone modeling and its importance
formation of new bone
remodeling- cycling of resorption and formation
Repair microdamage, adapt to mechanical loading, maintain blood calcium homeostasis
