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General Bio 1 > 4.9-5.4 Quiz > Flashcards

4.9-5.4 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Golgi Complex

A

consists of stacks of flattened membranous sacs called cisternae. The Golgi complex processes, sorts, and modifies proteins.

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2
Q

What are the three areas of the Golgi stack?

A

cis face, trans face, and medial region

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3
Q

What is cis face?

A

entry surface

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4
Q

What is trans face?

A

exit surface

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5
Q

What is medial region?

A

in between

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6
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

a small sac of digestive enzymes dispersed in the cytoplasm of animal cells

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7
Q

What is a primary lysosome?

A

contains hydrolytic enzymes (enzymes that break apart polymers) synthesized in the rough ER. The sugars attached to the molecules help direct the Golgi complex in sorting

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8
Q

What is a secondary lysosome?

A

one or more primary lysosomes fused with a vesicle when bacteria or debris is engulfed by the cell

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9
Q

What are vacuoles

A

large, single, membrane-enclosed sacs. Tonoplast is the membrane of a vacuole

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10
Q

What does the central vacuole play a significant role in?

A

plant growth and development

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11
Q

What are plant vacuoles like and why?

A

lysosomes because they break down waste

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12
Q

What are the functions of mitochondria and chloroplast?

A

facilitate the conversion of energy from one form to another. Chemical energy and light energy are converted into ATP.

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13
Q

Mitochondria and Chloroplast have their own?

A

DNA and ribosomes

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14
Q

How does the mitochondria make ATP?

A

through aerobic respirations where the chemical energy of food is converted

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15
Q

What does the double membrane of a mitochondria form?

A

inter membrane space and matrix

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16
Q

How do chloroplast make energy?

A

conversion of light energy to chemical energy via photosynthesis

17
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

a green pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis

18
Q

What does the cytoskeleton consist of?

A

plasma membrane, microfilament, intermediate filament, and microtubules

19
Q

What are microtubules?

A

rigid hollow rods

20
Q

what are microfilaments/actin filaments?

A

flexible solid fibers consisting of two intertwined polymer chains of beadlike actin molecules linked by linker proteins. Form the cell cortex

21
Q

How do microfilaments generate movement?

A

rapid assembly and disassembly

22
Q

What are the two types of specialized filaments of muscle cells?

A

myosin and actin

23
Q

What is intermediate filament?

A

tough, flexible fibers that provide mechanical strength and help to stabilize cell shape

24
Q

What do Ciliia and Flagella consist of?

A

microtubules

25
Q

What is the function of both cilia and flagella?

A

to help unicellular and small multicellular organisms move through a watery environment

26
Q

What is a glycocalyx?

A

cell covering that allows cells to recognize one another, make contact, and form adhesive or communicating associations. contributes to the mechanical strength of multicellular tissues.

27
Q

What is an extracellular matrix?

A

a gel of carbohydrates and fibrous proteins (mainly collagen)

28
Q

What do fibronectins do?

A

organize the matrix and help cells attach to it

29
Q

What do integrins do?

A

in the plasma membrane they maintain adhesion between the ECM and intermediate filaments and microfilaments inside the cell

30
Q

Most bacteria, archaea, fungi, and plants are surrounded by?

A

a cell wall, in plants it contains cellulose

31
Q

What is the importance of a biological membrane?

A

to separate the cell from its external environment, membrane proteins are critical to cell membrane activities

32
Q

What does the plasma membrane do?

A

regulate the passage of materials and helps to maintain homeostasis

33
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

phospholipid bilayers behave like liquid crystals. phospholipids can rotate or move laterally within the layer and move along the plane of the membrane producing a fluid configuration

34
Q

Describe lipid bilayers?

A

flexible, and allow membranes to change shape without breaking. self-sealing, and can fuse with other bilayer for the transfer of materials

35
Q

What properties of the lipid bilayer determine function of the cell?

A

boundary (regulation of passage), work surface (chemical reactions, synthesis and breakdown), and energy storage (potential energy)

36
Q

What is an integral protein?

A

amphipathic proteins firmly bound to the membrane

37
Q

What is a transmembrane?

A

integral proteins extended completely through the membrane

38
Q

What is a peripheral protein?

A

on the inner of outer surface of the membrane, bound to the exposed regions of an integral protein

General Bio 1 (14 decks)

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