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General Bio 1 > 7.0-7.6 Quiz > Flashcards

7.0-7.6 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

cells obtain energy and later ___

A

convert energy

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2
Q

what is radiant energy?

A

the ultimate source of energy for live organisms to capture the sun’s energy and covert it into chemical energy

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3
Q

what is matter?

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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4
Q

what is energy?

A

the capacity to do work (change in state or motion of matter)

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5
Q

what are units of work?

A

kilojoules, kJ

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6
Q

what are units of heat energy?

A

kilocalories, kcal

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7
Q

1 kcal=

A

4.184 kJ

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8
Q

what is thermodynamics?

A

heat and temperature and its relation to energy and work, governs all activities in the universe

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9
Q

what is mass technically?

A

energy, E= mc^2

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10
Q

what is potential energy?

A

capacity to do work as a result of position or state (the set up)

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11
Q

what is kinetic energy?

A

energy of motion is used, work is performed (the action itself)

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12
Q

what are energy transformations?

A

a series of transformations that occur as kinetic energy is converted to potential energy or vice versa

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13
Q

what is chemical energy?

A

potential energy stored in chemical bonds

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14
Q

are biological systems opened or closed?

A

opened (constantly exchanging materials with the environment), the universe is closed

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15
Q

what is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted (the energy of any system plus its surroundings is constant)

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16
Q

what is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

when energy conversion occurs, some usable energy is lost in the form of heat

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17
Q

what is heat?

A

the kinetic energy of randomly moving particles, “disorganized energy” that is less usable (usable energy in the universe decreases overtime)

18
Q

what is entropy?

A

the measure of the disorder or randomness of energy, unusable energy in a system

19
Q

what is organized energy?

A

usable energy has a low entropy

20
Q

what is disorganized energy?

A

energy such as heat that has a high entropy

21
Q

what happened to total entropy over time?

A

it increases

22
Q

what does entropy stand for?

A

S, the quantitive measure of the increase in disorder that occurs during energy transformation

23
Q

what is enthalpy?

A

H, the total potential energy of a system (remains constant)

24
Q

equation that related enthalpy, entropy , and free energy

A

H=G+S

25
Q

what is free energy?

A

energy that is available to do cellular work (chemical runs have changes in free energy, deltaG)

26
Q

relationship between free energy (G) and entropy (S)

A

G is inversely related to S

27
Q

equation for the release of energy or required energy

A

deltaG= deltaH + TdeltaS

28
Q

relationship between total energy and entropy

A

total energy is constant but entropy always increases

29
Q

what is metabolism?

A

all chemical reactions taking place in an organism; intersecting chemical reactions

30
Q

what are two types of metabolism?

A

anabolism and catabolism

31
Q

what is anabolism?

A

pathways in which complex molecules are synthesized from simpler substances (requires energy)

32
Q

what is catabolism?

A

pathways in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones (releases energy)

33
Q

when does free energy decrease?

A

during exergonic reactions

34
Q

what is an exergonic reaction?

A

releases energy and is a “downhill” reactions, from high to low, deltaG is negative (requires a certain amount of activation energy)

35
Q

what is an endergonic reaction?

A

a reaction in which there is a gain of free energy, positive deltaG (requires an input of energy from the environment)

36
Q

relationship between exergonic and endergonic reactions

A

exergonic reactions provide energy for endergonic reactions

37
Q

what type of reaction is diffusion?

A

exergonic as particles move down their concentration gradient

38
Q

What are coupled reactions?

A

thermodynamically favorable exergonic reactions provide energy required to drive a thermodynamically unfavorable endergonic reaction (exergonic is coupled to exergonic)

39
Q

which reaction involves the breakdown of ATP

A

in living sells, exergonic relationships

40
Q

what is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

nucleotide consisting or adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

41
Q

the hydrolysis of ATP yields?

A

ADP and inorganic phosphate

42
Q

how many ATP molecules per ADP molecules are in each cell?

A

10 ATP, the cell cannot large quantities of ATP

General Bio 1 (14 decks)

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