Quiz 8.4-8.8

Question 1

what is the yield of the oxidation of NADH?

Answer 1

3 ATP per NADH

Question 2

what is the yield of the oxidation of FADH2?

Answer 2

2 ATP per molecule

Question 3

what is the range of net ATP formed from NADH?

Answer 3

28-30

Question 4

what are two metabolic intermediates that enter glycolysis or the citric acid cycle?

Answer 4

amino acids or lipids

Question 5

what is deamination?

Answer 5

when the amino group is removed from an amino acid

Question 6

what is the first step in using amino acids as an intermediate?

Answer 6

removing the amine group and using the reaming carbon chain for aerobic respiration

Question 7

what is the waste product excreted from deamination?

Answer 7

urea

Question 8

after deamination what happens to the remaining carbon chain?

Answer 8

it can be converted to pyruvate, OAA, or other metabolic intermediates

Question 9

how are lipids used as an intermediate?

Answer 9

glycerol is converted to a compound that enter glycolysis and the fatty acids are converted to acetyl CoA for the citric acid cycle

Question 10

what is the electron transport chain coupled to?

Answer 10

ATP synthesis

Question 11

what happens to NADH and FADH once they enter the ETC?

Answer 11

the electrons move from one acceptor to another

Question 12

what is the ETC is eukaryotes?

Answer 12

a series of electron carriers embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 13

what happens in complex 1 of the ETC?

Answer 13

electrons from NADH are accepted

Question 14

what happens in complex 2 of the ETC?

Answer 14

electrons from FADH2 are accepted

Question 15

what happens in complex 3 of the ETC?

Answer 15

electrons are accepted from reduced ubiquinone and passed to cytochrome c

Question 16

what happens in complex 4 of the ETC?

Answer 16

cytochrome c oxidase accepts the electron from cytochrome c and reduces O2 to H2O

Question 17

what is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

Answer 17

oxygen

Question 18

what happens to the ETC is there is a lack of oxygen flow?

Answer 18

the ETC is blocked and no additional ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

what do poisons do to the normal activity of cytochromes?

Answer 19

inhibit ex) cyanide

Question 20

what is chemiosmosis?

Answer 20

the process by which ATP is formed as protons diffuse through transmembrane channels in ATP

Question 21

What does the ETC do that sets the stage for chemiosmosis?

Answer 21

created an electron gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 22

how do protons diffuse from the inter membrane space to the matrix?

Answer 22

via the enzyme complex ATP synthase

Question 23

what does the central structure or ATP synthase do?

Answer 23

rotates, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

Question 24

how does chemiosmosis allow for the production of ATP?

Answer 24

by allowing exergonic reactions to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation

Question 25

what is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 25

nitrate and sulfate

Question 26

what are the products of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 26

CO2, reduced nitrite or sulfite, and ATP

Question 27

what are examples of prokaryotes that use anaerobic respiration?

Answer 27

waterlogged soil, stagnant points, and animal intestines

Question 28

what is fermentation?

Answer 28

an anaerobic pathway that does not involve an ETC; only 2 ATPs formed per glucose and NADH transfer protons for to organic molecules making NAD