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SOC 224 > Deviant Sexualities > Flashcards

Deviant Sexualities Flashcards

1
Q

Sociological Study of Sexuality

A
  1. dominated by the social constructionist perspective
  2. Emphasis on interpretive and critical theories
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2
Q

Sex

A

male or female (usually) - that you’re assigned by a doctor at birth based on the genitals you’re born with and the chromosomes you have. It goes on your birth certificate.

How well did you know this?
1
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3
Q

Gender Roles

A

Expectations society and people have about behaviours thoughts, and characteristics that go along with a person’s assigned sex.

How well did you know this?
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4
Q

Gender Identity

A

How you feel inside and how you express those feelings
- Cisgender
- Transgender

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5
Q

Transgender

A
  1. Face some of the greatest risks and stigmatization in our society
  2. “Exploring” gender identity (internal, social, legal, physical/medical)
    - Important to be supported
    - Needs to be nuanced and careful
  3. Physical (medical) transitioning can significantly improve quality of life and mental health
    - If part of “exploring” and premature, can be dangerous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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6
Q

Sexuality

A
  1. Umbrella term
    - Activities (sex)
    - Attractions (straight/gay)
    - Identities (queer)
  2. Generally assume sex, gender, and sexuality correspond to each other, and some categories are better understood as ‘spectrums’.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deviant/Normal Sexuality

A

Sexual cultures vary historically and cross-culturally
Ex: Sambian society - ritualized homosexuality reinforced patriarchal structure of society
Ex: Athens (5th century BC) - sexuality intertwined with structure of power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sexual cultures in North America

A
  1. Traditional Indigenous Cultures
  2. North America (17-20th centuries)
  3. Contemporary Canada
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Traditional Indigenous Cultures

A
  1. Considerable variability in Indigenous sexual cultures
    - Premarital/Extramarital sexual relationships
    - Homosexuality
    - Recognition of multiple sex/gender variants
  2. Come commonalities:
    - 4 components: Physical, spiritual, intellectual, emotional
    - Sexuality = gift from the Creator
  3. Aboriginal sexuality stigmatized by European colonizers
    - Colonizers: sex for procreation
    - Changing acceptability of Euro/Indigenous relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two Spirited Persons

A
  1. European colonizers, and political and religious authorities worked hard to suppress many facets of Indigenous cultures
  2. Stark contrast in understandings of sex, gender, and sexuality between Indigenous and colonial cultures
  3. Two Spirited: Indigenous individuals whose sex, gender, or sexuality lies outside the colonial dualisms (male/female, masculine/feminine)
  4. Term remains somewhat contested; does not convey the nuance in experience/identity
    - Ex: Indigenous persons who identify as ‘truly’ male and ‘truly’ female (both Spirits)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

North America’s Dominant Meanings of Sexuality By Year

A

1600: Reproduction within marriage
1700: Intimacy within marriage
1900: Personal fulfillment
200+: >???>??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reproduction With Marriage (1600’s)

A
  1. Regulation by church, court, family, community
  2. Social control measures varied on the basis of socioeconomic status, race, and gender
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intimacy Within Marriage (1700’s)

A
  1. Sexual culture intertwined with social changes -> industrialization, religious shifts, pursuit of happiness
  2. Social control by women, physicians, social reformers, culture industry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Personal Fulfillment (1900’s)

A
  1. Continued criminalization of some acts
  2. Growth of the culture industry
    - Sexuality within mainstream media
    - Expansion of the sex industry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sexuality in all eras

A
  1. Integrated with other social changes
  2. Intertwined with structures of inequality
    - Hierarchies of race, class, and gender
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

All Sexual Cultures

A
  1. Dominant moral codes define sexual “deviance” and “normality”
  2. Deviant sexuality is socially controlled
  3. The “deviance dance” exists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sexuality in Contemporary Canada

A
  1. Greater, but not unlimited, sexual freedom
  2. Criteria for determining “deviant” sexuality
    - Consent
    - Nature of the sexual partner
    - Nature of the sexual act
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Defining Consent

A
  1. Sexual assault
  2. Date rape drugs
  3. Age of consent laws
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Canada’s Age of Consent Laws

A
  1. Age of consent: 16
  2. Close in age exceptions
    - 14, 15 year old can consent to partners less than 5 years older
    - 12 or 13 year old can consent to partners less than 2 years older
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Canada’s Age of Consent Laws (Sexual Exploitation)

A

A 16, 17 year old cannot consent to sexual activity if:
- their sexual partner s in position of trust or authority towards them
- the young person is dependent on their sexual partner
- the relationship between the young person and their sexual partner is exploitative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pedophilia

A

A sexual attraction to prepubescent children, as indicated by persistent and recurrent sexual thoughts, fantasies, urges, arousal, or behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Age of Onset (Pedophilia)

A

Early onset of sexual interest in children that precedes sexual behavior involving children or self-identification as a pedophile

How well did you know this?
1
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2
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23
Q

Sexual or Romantic Behaviour (Pedophilia)

A

Some pedophilic sexual offenders score high on measures of emotional congruence with children;
Some seek a romantic relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Stability Over Time (Pedophilia)

A

Life-Long;
Potential changes: associated with “self-regulation” instead of actual change in sexual desire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Child cannot consent -> substantial asymmetries

A
  1. Cognitive ability
  2. Psychosexual development
  3. Autonomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
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26
Q

Nature of the Sexual Partner

A
  1. Criminal justice system
    - Incest, bestiality
  2. Formal regulations
    - workplace
  3. Informal regulations
    - professor and grad student relationship
  4. Evolving views of same sex relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Bill C-150

A
  1. New era of human rights in Canada
  2. Pierre Trudeau: “There’s no place for the state in the bedroom of the nation”
  3. Decriminalized same-sex sexual activities between consenting adults
  4. Contraception & Birth Control
  5. Homosexuality removed from the DSM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Canada’s Same-Sex Laws

A
  1. 2000
    - Same-sex common law couples entitled to same benefits as opposite-sex common law couples
  2. 2005
    - Same-sex couples can legally marry
    - Stigmatization, deviantization still occurs in Canada and around the world
    - Criminalization + lack of legal protections = many other countries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

LGBTQ2+ Realities

A
  1. Greater risk of victimization
    - Hate Crimes
  2. Youth stigmatization
    - Negative/discriminatory comments
    - Kicked out of the family home
    - Greater risk of homelessness
    - Particularly true for Transgender youth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Polyamory

A

The state of practice of maintaining multiple sexual and/or romantic relationships simultaneously, with the full knowledge and consent of all the people involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Polygamy

A

The state or practice of having multiple wedded spouses at the same time, regardless of the sex of those spouses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

BDSM

A
  1. Bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism
  2. The “Dom”, “Sub”, “Switches”
  3. Common assumption: psychopathology
  4. According to Newmahr, BDSM should be regarded as a recreational leisure activity rather than a deviant/pathological activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Fifty Shades of BDSM

A
  1. Alienation and fear of those who participate in the lifestyle
  2. Richters (2005)
    - Not more likely to have been coerced into sexual activity in the past
    - Not associated with elevated levels of psycological distress or sexual difficulties
  3. Wismeijer & van Assan (2014)
    - Less neurotic, more extraverted, more open to new experiences, more conscientious, yet less agreeable, less rejection sensitive
34
Q

Pornography

A
  1. Functional: anything used by an individual for the purpose of sexual arousal
  2. Genre: products created for the purposes of arousing consumers
  3. Labelling: community standards - anything that community members consider obscene
35
Q

Pornography Debates

A
  1. Support for
    - Correlation between violent pornography and sexually-aggressive behaviours
    - Pornography affects self-concept of viewers
  2. Internal debates -> interpretive research on young adults
    - Feelings of both normalization and ambivalence
36
Q

The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005) (Background)

A
  1. Organizations and Occupations are gendered - workers “do gender” based on assumptions about what customers want
  2. Gender in organizations interacts with other factors (class, race) to construct unique organizational cultures that project distinctive images of gender and sexuality
  3. Activities + practices of strip clubs:
    - Construct forms of sexuality that are gendered and classed
  4. Exotic clubs offer different presentations and performances of gender and sexuality
  5. Exotic dance clubs construct distinctive working and upper class performances and performers of sexuality
  6. Consistent with popular ideas about how class and sexuality intersects
  7. Class difference: represented as sexual differences
37
Q

The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005) (Article)

A
  1. Business Atmosphere
  2. Dancer attractiveness & appearance
  3. Stage Performances
  4. Interactions with customers
  5. Staff attire (Managers/Bouncers/Bartenders)
38
Q

Middle & Business Class in The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005)

A
  1. Space tailored to “upper class”
  2. Experience: not just about sex
  3. “Voyeuristic sexuality”
    - Performances of desire & gazing at women
    - Constructed to appear as admiration and respect
  4. Dancers conform to hegemonic cultural ideals of attractiveness
  5. Pop music
  6. Passive, non-interactive dances
  7. Slow sensuality
    “good girl”
    Staff: more professional
39
Q

Working & Military Class in The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005)

A
  1. Atmosphere: pure physical pleasure/lust
  2. Experience: predominantly for sexual pleasure
  3. “Cheap thrills sexuality”
    - Women as sex objects
    - Imagining dancers as sexual partners & the enactment of male power
  4. Broader spectrum of female body types
  5. Rap
  6. More interactive dances
  7. Explicitly sexual performances
    “bad girl”
    Staff: casual and approachable
40
Q

Presentation Management in The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005)

A
  1. Presentation of self
  2. Presentation of business
  3. Attracts particular kinds of clientele
41
Q

Dramaturgical approach to The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005)

A
  1. Front stage of organizational culture: performance of sexuality and class
  2. Backstage constraints that produce them: informal social control
42
Q
  1. dominated by the social constructionist perspective
  2. Emphasis on interpretive and critical theories
A

Sociological Study of Sexuality

43
Q

male or female (usually) - that you’re assigned by a doctor at birth based on the genitals you’re born with and the chromosomes you have. It goes on your birth certificate.

A

Sex

44
Q

Expectations society and people have about behaviours thoughts, and characteristics that go along with a person’s assigned sex.

A

Gender Roles

45
Q

How you feel inside and how you express those feelings
- Cisgender
- Transgender

A

Gender Identity

46
Q
  1. Face some of the greatest risks and stigmatization in our society
  2. “Exploring” gender identity (internal, social, legal, physical/medical)
    - Important to be supported
    - Needs to be nuanced and careful
  3. Physical (medical) transitioning can significantly improve quality of life and mental health
    - If part of “exploring” and premature, can be dangerous
A

Transgender

47
Q
  1. Umbrella term
    - Activities (sex)
    - Attractions (straight/gay)
    - Identities (queer)
  2. Generally assume sex, gender, and sexuality correspond to each other, and some categories are better understood as ‘spectrums’.
A

Sexuality

48
Q

Sexual cultures vary historically and cross-culturally
Ex: Sambian society - ritualized homosexuality reinforced patriarchal structure of society
Ex: Athens (5th century BC) - sexuality intertwined with structure of power

A

Deviant/Normal Sexuality

49
Q
  1. Traditional Indigenous Cultures
  2. North America (17-20th centuries)
  3. Contemporary Canada
A

Sexual cultures in North America

50
Q
  1. Considerable variability in Indigenous sexual cultures
    - Premarital/Extramarital sexual relationships
    - Homosexuality
    - Recognition of multiple sex/gender variants
  2. Come commonalities:
    - 4 components: Physical, spiritual, intellectual, emotional
    - Sexuality = gift from the Creator
  3. Aboriginal sexuality stigmatized by European colonizers
    - Colonizers: sex for procreation
    - Changing acceptability of Euro/Indigenous relationships
A

Traditional Indigenous Cultures

51
Q
  1. European colonizers, and political and religious authorities worked hard to suppress many facets of Indigenous cultures
  2. Stark contrast in understandings of sex, gender, and sexuality between Indigenous and colonial cultures
  3. Two Spirited: Indigenous individuals whose sex, gender, or sexuality lies outside the colonial dualisms (male/female, masculine/feminine)
  4. Term remains somewhat contested; does not convey the nuance in experience/identity
    - Ex: Indigenous persons who identify as ‘truly’ male and ‘truly’ female (both Spirits)
A

Two Spirited Persons

52
Q

1600: Reproduction within marriage
1700: Intimacy within marriage
1900: Personal fulfillment
200+: >???>??

A

North America’s Dominant Meanings of Sexuality By Year

53
Q
  1. Regulation by church, court, family, community
  2. Social control measures varied on the basis of socioeconomic status, race, and gender
A

Reproduction With Marriage (1600’s)

54
Q
  1. Sexual culture intertwined with social changes -> industrialization, religious shifts, pursuit of happiness
  2. Social control by women, physicians, social reformers, culture industry
A

Intimacy Within Marriage (1700’s)

55
Q
  1. Continued criminalization of some acts
  2. Growth of the culture industry
    - Sexuality within mainstream media
    - Expansion of the sex industry
A

Personal Fulfillment (1900’s)

56
Q
  1. Integrated with other social changes
  2. Intertwined with structures of inequality
    - Hierarchies of race, class, and gender
A

Sexuality in all eras

57
Q
  1. Dominant moral codes define sexual “deviance” and “normality”
  2. Deviant sexuality is socially controlled
  3. The “deviance dance” exists
A

All Sexual Cultures

58
Q
  1. Greater, but not unlimited, sexual freedom
  2. Criteria for determining “deviant” sexuality
    - Consent
    - Nature of the sexual partner
    - Nature of the sexual act
A

Sexuality in Contemporary Canada

59
Q
  1. Sexual assault
  2. Date rape drugs
  3. Age of consent laws
A

Defining Consent

60
Q
  1. Age of consent: 16
  2. Close in age exceptions
    - 14, 15 year old can consent to partners less than 5 years older
    - 12 or 13 year old can consent to partners less than 2 years older
A

Canada’s Age of Consent Laws

61
Q

A 16, 17 year old cannot consent to sexual activity if:
- their sexual partner s in position of trust or authority towards them
- the young person is dependent on their sexual partner
- the relationship between the young person and their sexual partner is exploitative

A

Canada’s Age of Consent Laws (Sexual Exploitation)

62
Q

A sexual attraction to prepubescent children, as indicated by persistent and recurrent sexual thoughts, fantasies, urges, arousal, or behavior.

A

Pedophilia

63
Q

Early onset of sexual interest in children that precedes sexual behavior involving children or self-identification as a pedophile

A

Age of Onset (Pedophilia)

64
Q

Some pedophilic sexual offenders score high on measures of emotional congruence with children;
Some seek a romantic relationship

A

Sexual or Romantic Behaviour (Pedophilia)

65
Q

Life-Long;
Potential changes: associated with “self-regulation” instead of actual change in sexual desire

A

Stability Over Time (Pedophilia)

66
Q
  1. Cognitive ability
  2. Psychosexual development
  3. Autonomy
A

Child cannot consent -> substantial asymmetries

67
Q
  1. Criminal justice system
    - Incest, bestiality
  2. Formal regulations
    - workplace
  3. Informal regulations
    - professor and grad student relationship
  4. Evolving views of same sex relationships
A

Nature of the Sexual Partner

68
Q
  1. New era of human rights in Canada
  2. Pierre Trudeau: “There’s no place for the state in the bedroom of the nation”
  3. Decriminalized same-sex sexual activities between consenting adults
  4. Contraception & Birth Control
  5. Homosexuality removed from the DSM
A

Bill C-150

69
Q
  1. 2000
    - Same-sex common law couples entitled to same benefits as opposite-sex common law couples
  2. 2005
    - Same-sex couples can legally marry
    - Stigmatization, deviantization still occurs in Canada and around the world
    - Criminalization + lack of legal protections = many other countries
A

Canada’s Same-Sex Laws

70
Q
  1. Greater risk of victimization
    - Hate Crimes
  2. Youth stigmatization
    - Negative/discriminatory comments
    - Kicked out of the family home
    - Greater risk of homelessness
    - Particularly true for Transgender youth
A

LGBTQ2+ Realities

71
Q

The state of practice of maintaining multiple sexual and/or romantic relationships simultaneously, with the full knowledge and consent of all the people involved

A

Polyamory

72
Q

The state or practice of having multiple wedded spouses at the same time, regardless of the sex of those spouses

A

Polygamy

73
Q
  1. Bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism
  2. The “Dom”, “Sub”, “Switches”
  3. Common assumption: psychopathology
  4. According to Newmahr, BDSM should be regarded as a recreational leisure activity rather than a deviant/pathological activity
A

BDSM

74
Q
  1. Alienation and fear of those who participate in the lifestyle
  2. Richters (2005)
    - Not more likely to have been coerced into sexual activity in the past
    - Not associated with elevated levels of psycological distress or sexual difficulties
  3. Wismeijer & van Assan (2014)
    - Less neurotic, more extraverted, more open to new experiences, more conscientious, yet less agreeable, less rejection sensitive
A

Fifty Shades of BDSM

75
Q
  1. Functional: anything used by an individual for the purpose of sexual arousal
  2. Genre: products created for the purposes of arousing consumers
  3. Labelling: community standards - anything that community members consider obscene
A

Pornography

76
Q
  1. Support for
    - Correlation between violent pornography and sexually-aggressive behaviours
    - Pornography affects self-concept of viewers
  2. Internal debates -> interpretive research on young adults
    - Feelings of both normalization and ambivalence
A

Pornography Debates

77
Q
  1. Organizations and Occupations are gendered - workers “do gender” based on assumptions about what customers want
  2. Gender in organizations interacts with other factors (class, race) to construct unique organizational cultures that project distinctive images of gender and sexuality
  3. Activities + practices of strip clubs:
    - Construct forms of sexuality that are gendered and classed
  4. Exotic clubs offer different presentations and performances of gender and sexuality
  5. Exotic dance clubs construct distinctive working and upper class performances and performers of sexuality
  6. Consistent with popular ideas about how class and sexuality intersects
  7. Class difference: represented as sexual differences
A

The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005) (Background)

78
Q
  1. Business Atmosphere
  2. Dancer attractiveness & appearance
  3. Stage Performances
  4. Interactions with customers
  5. Staff attire (Managers/Bouncers/Bartenders)
A

The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005) (Article)

79
Q
  1. Space tailored to “upper class”
  2. Experience: not just about sex
  3. “Voyeuristic sexuality”
    - Performances of desire & gazing at women
    - Constructed to appear as admiration and respect
  4. Dancers conform to hegemonic cultural ideals of attractiveness
  5. Pop music
  6. Passive, non-interactive dances
  7. Slow sensuality
    “good girl”
    Staff: more professional
A

Middle & Business Class in The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005)

80
Q
  1. Atmosphere: pure physical pleasure/lust
  2. Experience: predominantly for sexual pleasure
  3. “Cheap thrills sexuality”
    - Women as sex objects
    - Imagining dancers as sexual partners & the enactment of male power
  4. Broader spectrum of female body types
  5. Rap
  6. More interactive dances
  7. Explicitly sexual performances
    “bad girl”
    Staff: casual and approachable
A

Working & Military Class in The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005)

81
Q
  1. Presentation of self
  2. Presentation of business
  3. Attracts particular kinds of clientele
A

Presentation Management in The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005)

82
Q
  1. Front stage of organizational culture: performance of sexuality and class
  2. Backstage constraints that produce them: informal social control
A

Dramaturgical approach to The Performance of Sexuality in Exotic Dance Clubs (Trautner, 2005)

SOC 224 (11 decks)

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