Lecture 6 and 7

Question 1

What is the lower limb adapted for?

Answer 1

weight bearing locomotion and bipedalism

Question 2

Regions of the lower limb (4)

Answer 2

Gluteal
Thigh
Leg
Ankle
Foot

Question 3

What does the pelvis do?

Answer 3

Transfers weight of the upper body to the lower body

Question 4

Short notes on the composition of the pelvic girdle :

Answer 4

2 hip bones: huge and irregular and flatted
each consisting of: Pubis, Ilium. Ischium
with the sacrum and coccyx they form bowl shaped region

Question 5

Right and left bone meet …

Answer 5

anteriorly forming the lateral and anterior walls

Question 6

Function of the pelvic girdle

Answer 6

(i) Support and protect abdominal, pelvic organs and developing foetus.
(ii) Attach lower limbs to the trunk.
(iii) Transmit weight of upper body from vertebral

Question 6

Function of the pelvic girdle

Answer 6

(i) Support and protect abdominal, pelvic organs and developing foetus.
(ii) Attach lower limbs to the trunk.
(iii) Transmit weight of upper body from vertebral column to lower limbs

Question 7

What is a false pelvis

Answer 7

is an expanded portion of the cavity lying above
the pelvic brim.

Question 8

what is a true pelvis

Answer 8

situated below the pelvic
brim and consists of an inlet, outlet and cavity.

Question 9

comparison of the female and male pubic arch (pubic angle/ arch)

Answer 9

Female: border angle(80-90)
Male: acute angle

Question 10

Bone thickness of male and female pelvis

Answer 10

Female: less, lighter and thinner
Male: heavy, more bone thickness, more prominant

Question 11

Comparison of pelvis of male and female:

Answer 11

female: true pelvis more wide and defines birth canal
male: true pelvis narrow

Question 12

Notes on the femur

Answer 12

longest and strongest bone
in the erect posture its slightly inclined medially: has the proximal end, shaft and distal end

Question 13

proximal end of the femur:

Answer 13

consists of the head, neck, greater and lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric crest and line

Question 14

Shaft of the femur:

Answer 14

linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and popliteal surface

Question 15

Distal end of the femur:

Answer 15

consists of medial and lateral condyles,
intercondylar fossa, patellar surface.

Question 16

Function of the femur

Answer 16

Holding the weight of your body when you stand and move.

Stabilizing you as you move
.
Connecting muscles, tendons and ligaments in your hips and knees to the rest of your body.

Question 17

Patella: structure

Answer 17

flat triangular, situated anterior to distal end of the femur
medial and lateral facets articulate with condyle of the femur

Question 18

difference between the patella anterior and posterior surface

Answer 18

anterior: roughened
posterior: Smooth nd oval

Question 19

functions of pattela

Answer 19

shields tendons against friction

Changes the direction of pull and
increases mechanical advantage.

Question 20

Short notes on the tibia

Answer 20

Larger weight bearing bone
situated one medial side of leg

expanded proximally to form knee joint and narrows distally to form ankle joint

Question 21

Proximal end of the Tibia

Answer 21

medially and laterally condyles
intercondylar eminence
tibial tuberosity

Question 22

Shaft of the tibia

Answer 22

Soleal line

Question 23

Distal end of the tibia

Answer 23

Medial articular surface

Question 24

short notes Fibula

Answer 24

Slender bone located laterally it is the smaller of the two leg bones

Question 25

Proximal end of the fibula

Answer 25

head, articular facet for tibia

Question 26

Shaft of the fibula

Answer 26

slender with sharp borders

Question 27

distal of the fibula

Answer 27

lateral malleolus

Question 28

short notes on the foot

Answer 28

The skeleton of the foot consists of 3 parts: the
tarsus (ankle), metatarsus, and phalanges

Question 29

Tarsus

Answer 29

7 bones:
Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
medial cuneiforms
intermediate and lateral cuneiform

Question 30

Metatarsus

Answer 30

5 bones

Question 31

Phalanges

Answer 31

14 bones

Question 32

short notes on the Arches of the foot

Answer 32

medial
lateral
transverse

Question 33

function of the arches

Answer 33

distribute body weight

absorb stress and act as levers during walking

make space for blood vessels, nerves and muscles of the foot

Question 34

Mechanisms of support

Answer 34

Shape of the bones
strong ligaments
tendons