Lecture 2

Question 1

What is human Biology

Answer 1

The study of anatomy physiology development of the human body and biotic and a biotic factors that influence the well-being of the body

Question 2

Short note on Gross Anatomy

Answer 2

Examination of relatively large structures of features that are visible under an unaided eye it is divided into
regional anatomy
systematic anatomy
clinical anatomy surface anatomy

Question 3

Short notes on developmental anatomy

Answer 3

Changes in form that occur from fertilisation to physical maturity and death
Divided into embryology

Question 4

Short notes on microscopic anatomy

Answer 4

The study of features that cannot be seen without a magnet or a light microscope 
Divided into histology and cytology

Question 5

Regional anatomy

Answer 5

Each region of the body is studied separately and all aspects of that region are I studied at the same time

Question 6

Systemic anatomy

Answer 6

Each system of the body is studied and followed through out the entire body

examples of this would be your cardiovascular system nervous system digestive system

Question 7

Clinical anatomy

Answer 7

Application of anatomical knowledge to clinical problem-solving and clinical practice

Example radiographic anatomy

Question 8

Surface anatomy

Answer 8

Surface marking End of their relation to deeper surfaces

Question 9

Embryology

Answer 9

Study of development during the first eight weeks after fertilisation

Question 10

cytology

Answer 10

Study of internal structures of individual cells the simplest building blocks of life

Question 11

histology

Answer 11

Study of Tissues

Question 12

Four types of tissues

Answer 12

Epithelial tissue which covers the body surfaces line cavities and forms glands

Connective tissue: It’s good to support and binds organs stores energy reserves

Muscular tissue: Active generation of force to produce movement

Nervous tissue: Initiate transmits and interprets nerve impulses the coordinates body activity 

Question 13

Cell physiology 

Answer 13

Study of chemical processes within cells and interactions between cells


Question 14

Organ Physiology

Answer 14

Study of functions of specific organs 

Question 15

Systemic physiology

Answer 15

Study of functioning of organ systems


Question 16

Pathological physiology

Answer 16

Study of the effect of diseases on organs organ system function

Question 17

Six levels of organisation

Answer 17

Chemical level
cellular level
Tissue level
organ level
organ system level
organism level

Question 18

Chemical level

Answer 18

Atoms and molecules


Question 19

Cellular level

Answer 19

Calls from organelles which are components of cells which are the smallest units in the body

Question 20

Tissue level

Answer 20

Groups of cells with similar functions

Question 21

Organ level 

Answer 21

Combination of two or more tissues

Question 22

Organ system level 

Answer 22

Group of organs interacting to perform particular functions

Question 23

Organism level 

Answer 23

individual highest level
all organs work together to maintain health and life of organism

Question 24

The 11 organ systems in the body

Answer 24

Integumentary
Skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive system

Question 25

System for protection, support and movement

Answer 25

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular

Question 26

For internal communication and integration

Answer 26

Nervous
Endocrine

Question 27

System for fluid transport

Answer 27

Cardiovascular
Lymphatic

Question 28

System of intake and output

Answer 28

Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary

Question 29

System of reproduction

Answer 29

Reproductive system

Question 30

Function of the integumentary system
(Skin, sweat glands, nails, hair)

Answer 30

Provides protection against environmental hazards

helps regulate blood temperature

provides sensory information

Question 31

Function of the skeletal system

Bones cartilage
associated ligaments
bone
marrow

Answer 31

Provides support and protection for other tissues

stores calcium and other minerals

forms blood cells

Question 32

Function of the Muscular system

Answer 32

Provides movement

provides protection and support for other tissues

generate heat that maintains body temperature

Question 33

Function of the nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral
Sense organs

Answer 33

Direct immediate responses to stimuli

Coordinate activities of other organ systems

Provides interpret sensory information about external conditions

Question 34

Functions of endocrine system 

Answer 34

Direct long-term changes in other activities of the organ systems

Adjust metabolic activity and energy use of the body

Controls many structural and functional changes during development 

Question 35

Function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 35

Distributes blood cells water and dissolves minerals

Distributes heat and assists in control of the body temperature



Question 36

Functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 36

Defence against infection and disease

returns tissue fluid to the blood stream 

Question 37

Functions of the respiratory system

Answer 37

Delivers air to alveoli

Provides oxygen to bloodstream

Removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream

Produces sounds for communication

Question 38

Functions of the digestive system

Answer 38

Process and digests food

Absorbs and conserves water

Absorbs nutrients

Stores energy reserves

Question 39

Functions of the urinary

Answer 39

Excretes waste products from the blood

Controls water balance by regulating volume of Urine produced

Stores urine prior to voluntary

Regulates blood ion concentration and PH

Question 40

Anomalies…

Answer 40

Vary in severity from relativity harmless to life threatening