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Hungary and Eastern Europe Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Tokaj is at the confluence of what two rivers?

A

Tisza and Bodrog

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2
Q

What was the region of Tokaj’s former name?

A

Tokaj-Hegyalja

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3
Q

Who is responsible for delimiting 28 villages in 1700 in the region of Tokaj?

A

The Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy

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4
Q

What kind of grapes are a fundamental component of the best Tokaj wines?

A

Aszú grapes

Grapes that have a high sugar level and afflicted with botrytis cinerea

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5
Q

What two dessert wines did Tokaj predate?

A

The dessert wines of Germany and probably Sauternes as well

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6
Q

What was Tokaj’s nickname? Think Barolo

A

The wine of kings and king of wines

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7
Q

What are the name of the top 4 producers of Tokaj? Which is owned by Vega Sicilia?

A

Royal Tokaji Company
Tokaj Oremus (Vega Sicilia)
Disznókõ
Királyudvar

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8
Q

What is the name of Vega Sicilia’s Tokaj estate?

A

Tokaj Oremus

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9
Q

What is the difference between Tokaj and Tokaji?

A

Tokaj is the region and Tokaji is an adjectival form used to indicate the wine.

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10
Q

What mountains provide the Tokaj region shelter?

A

Carpathian Mountains

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11
Q

What is the climate of Tokaj?

A

Continental

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12
Q

What are the two main soil types of Tokaj? What direction do the best vineyards face?

A

Volcanic loess and clay

Best vineyards face south

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13
Q

What is the name of the Tokaj classification? What is it divided into? What organization protects its integrity?

A

Rákóczy’s classification

Divides villages into 1st, 2nd, and 3rd growths

Tokaji Renaissance protects it

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14
Q

What 2 first growths of the Rákóczy classification are designated as Great First Growths? What are their respective communes?

A

Szarvas (Tokaj)

Mézes Mály (Tarcal)

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15
Q

What are the two main grapes of Tokaj? What are the other four that are used in small quantities?

A

Furmint and Hárslevelu are the main two

Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains), Zéta (Oremus), Kabar, and Kövérszolo are the other 4

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16
Q

What is the main grape of Tokaji Aszú? Why?

A

Furmint

It is particularly susceptible to botrytis and high in acidity

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17
Q

What is the traditional harvest container for aszú grapes? How many kg can it hold?

A

puttony (25kg)

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18
Q

What is Esszencia created from?

A

Created from the syrupy, free-run juice from aszú grapes

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19
Q

What is the name of the traditional barrel for fermenting Tokaj? What kind oak is it and what is the volume?

A

gönc (Hungarian oak of 136L)

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20
Q

What is the difference between gönci barrels and gönc barrels?

A

Gönci refers to barrels of must or base wine from non-aszú grapes.

Gönc refers to the traditional 136L barrel used for Tokaji-Aszú fermentations

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21
Q

What determines the final sweetness of Tokaji Aszú wine?

A

The number of puttony added to a gönc

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22
Q

What are puttony?

A

harvest vessels containing aszú grapes that have either been freshly harvested or ground into a pulp to be added to gönc barrels for Tokaji-Aszú fermentation.

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23
Q

Prior to elimination in time for the 2013 harvest a bottle of Tokaji-Aszú would be labeled with what? How is modern Tokaji-Aszú labeled today?

A

A number between 3-6 puttonyos

Today it is labeled “Aszú”

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24
Q

What are the aging requirements for Tokaji Aszú/Aszú? Min RS? Min abv?

A

minimum 3 years including 18 months in barrel
and must contain at least 120g/L rs
and achieve a min alcohol content of at least 9%

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25
Q

For how long does an Esszencia fermentation last? What is the min rs?

A

up to a decade

min 450g/L RS

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26
Q

Esszencia can also be labeled as what?

A

Natúresszencia

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27
Q

What are the styles of Tokaji other than Aszú? How are they produced?

A

Szamorodni (“as it comes”)
Produced from a blend of aszú and non-aszú grapes and often oxidative in style as it is aged in cask for a min 2 years. Produced in édes (sweet) and száras (dry) styles

Fordítas
Produced by refermenting wine with the pressed paste of a Tokaji Aszú fermentation

Máslás
Produced by refermenting wine with the spent lees of a Tokaji Aszú fermentation

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28
Q

What it the name of sweet and dry Szamorodni Tokaji wine respectively?

A

édés (sweet) and száras (dry)

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29
Q

What is the difference between Fordítas and Máslás Tokaji wine?

A

Fordítas is refermented with the pressed paste from a previous Tokaji Aszú fermentation

Máslás is refermented with the spent lees of a previous Tokaji Aszú fermentation

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30
Q

What are the 5 styles of Tokaji produced?

A 
Esszencia/Natúresszencia
Aszú
Szamorodni (produced édés and száras in style)
Fordítas
Máslás
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31
Q

Who owns the Royal Tokaji Company? Who is the talented winemaker behind the establishment of this winery? What other Tokaji estate does he produce for?

A

Hugh Johnson

István Szepsy who also produces for Királyudvar

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32
Q

What is the name of the small contingent of producers in Tokaj that is committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region? What is the most famous member?

A

Circle of Mád

István Szepsy

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33
Q

As of what year is the use of “Tokaj” or its derivatives Tokay and Tocai prohibited from being used on wine labels outside of Tokaj in Europe?

A

2007

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34
Q

What are the 3 major geographical zones of production in Hungary?

A

North Hungary (includes Tokaj and Eger)
Transdanubia
Great Plain

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35
Q

Eger is famous for what wine? What is its nickname? What grape historically dominated for the production of this grape? What are the grapes used today?

A

Egri Bikavér (Bull’s Blood of Eger)

Kadarka is the traditional grape

Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch) and other Hungarian and international grapes are used today

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36
Q

What is the synonym for Blaufränkisch in Hungary?

A

Kékfrankos

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37
Q

What are the only two production areas in Hungary allowed to use the term “Bikavér” on wine labels? What are there respective wine growing regions?

A

Eger (Northern Hungary)

Szekszárd (Transdanubia)

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38
Q

Badacsony and Blatonfüred-Csopak are two wine producing areas within what Hungarian wine region? On what Lake are they located?

A

Transdanubia

Both located on Lake Balaton

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39
Q

What is the synonym for Welschriesling in Hungary?

A

Olaszrizling

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40
Q

What is Hungary’s warmest region? What country does it share a border with? What grapes thrive here?

A

Villány

Borders Croatia

BDX varietals, Kékfrankos, and Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)

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41
Q

What is the synonym for Blauer Portugieser in Hungary?

A

Kékoporto

42
Q

What is the name of the Hungarian wine region that borders Austria? What part of Austria does it border? What is the star grape here?

A

Sopron

Borders Austria’s Burgenland

Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch) is the star grape here

43
Q

What is the name of Hungary’s largest region? What major region is it within?

A

Kunság in the Great Plain

44
Q

What was production geared toward in Bulgaria in the 1970s and 1980s?

A

cheap varietal wines

45
Q

What is a top producer of Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon in Bulgaria?

A

Boyar Estates “Blueridge”

46
Q

What are two top boutique wineries in Bulgaria?

A

Santa Sarah

Enira

47
Q

What are the levels of quality in Bulgaria?

A

Declared Geographic Origin (DGO)

Controliran wines:
superior appellation within DGO

48
Q

For Bulgarian Controliran wines, what two aspects of production are regulated?

A

Max yield and residual sugar

49
Q

What are the five large regions of production in Bulgaria? Which two are recognized by the EU as geographic indications?

A 
Danubian Plain (recognized by EU)
Thracian Lowlands (recognized by EU)
Black Sea Region
Strums River Valley
Rose Valley
50
Q

What are the most noteworthy Controliran wines of the Danubian Plain in Bulgaria?

A

Suhindol

Svichtov

51
Q

What is the most notable Controliran wine of the Rose Valley in Bulgaria?

A

Sungurlare

52
Q

What is the most notable Controliran wine of the Struma Valley in Bulgaria?

A

Harsovo

53
Q

What is the most notable Controliran wine of the Black Sea Region?

A

Khan Krum

54
Q

What are the Bulgarian wine regions corresponding to each of the following?

Suhindol
Svichtov
Sungurlare
Harsovo
Khan Krum
A 
Suhindol (Danubian Plain)
Svichtov (Danubian Plain)
Sungurlare (Rose Valley)
Harsovo (Struma Valley)
Khan Krum (Black Sea Region)
55
Q

What does the term “barik” indicate on a label of Bulgarian wine? What quality level may it be present on?

A

Indicates that fermentation occurred in oak casks of 500L or less in volume

All quality wines are eligible for this

56
Q

What are the two aging terms for Bulgarian DGO wines? What are their aging requirements?

A 
Reserve (min 1 year of aging)
Special Selection (min 2 years of aging)
57
Q

What are the top two international red grapes planted in Bulgaria? Top 5 indigenous red grapes? Which is planted exclusively in the Struma River Valley?

A

Cabernet and Merlot are the top two international

Gamza (Kadarka), Mavrud, Pamid, and Rubin are widely cultivated
Melnik is exclusively cultivated in the Struma River Valley

58
Q

What is the main indigenous red grape in the Struma Valley of Bulgaria?

A

Melnik

59
Q

What crossing led to the Rubin grape in Bulgaria?

A

Nebbiolo and Syrah

60
Q

Nebbiolo x Syrah = ?

A

Rubin

61
Q

What are the most planted white varietals in Bulgaria?

A

Rkatsiteli and Dimiat are the most planted white grapes

62
Q

What is the aromatic specialty of Sungurlare?

A

Red Misket (Misket Chevren)

63
Q

What are the top 3 international grapes planted in Romania?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Pinot Noir

64
Q

What are the two most cultivated white grapes in Romania?

A

Feteasca Alba and Feteasca Regala

65
Q

What is Bulgaria’s Pamid called in Romania?

A

Rosioara

66
Q

What are the top white international grapes of Romania?

A

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscat Ottonel, Pinot Gris and Riesling Italico (Welschriesling)

67
Q

What are the top 3 indigenous red grapes grown in Romania?

A

Feteasca Neagra
Burgund Mare
Babeasca Neagra

68
Q

What are the two levels of wine quality in Romania? What are the sub categories of each

A

“Wines for Consumption”/table wines
Vin de Masa (VM)
Vin de Masa Superior (VMS)

Quality Wines
Vin de Calitate Superioara (VS) =IGP
Denumire de Origine Controlata (DOC)=DOP

69
Q

Are hybrids allowed in Quality Wines of Romania?

A

No

70
Q

What are the 3 sub categories of Denumire de Origine Controlata (DOC) in Romania?

A

DOC-CMD (grapes harvested at full maturity)
DOC-CT (late-harvested grapes)
DOC-CIB (botrytis-affected grapes)

71
Q

What do the following indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?

DOC-CMD
DOC-CT
DOC-CIB

A

All are Quality Wine designations for Denumire de Origine Controlata (DOC) wines.

DOC-CMD (wine created from grapes harvested at full maturity)
DOC-CT (wine created from late-harvest grapes)
DOC-CIB (wine created from botrytis-affected grapes)

72
Q

In Romania what mountain range is located in the center of the country? What river creates its southern border with Serbia? What direction and into what sea does it flow?

A

Carpathian Mountains

Danube River flows east into the Black Sea

73
Q

What wine region of Romania has the country’s highest vineyards?

A

Transylvania

74
Q

What are the wine regions circling the Carpathian Mountains in Romania in a clockwise fashion from northeast? Which geographical plain is the last one an eastern extension of?

A

Moldavia
Muntenia-Oltenia
Banat
Crisana-Maramures (eastern extension of the Pannonian Plain.

75
Q

What two wine regions of Romania are located along the Black Sea?

A

Dobrogea

Danube Terraces

76
Q

Where is the Tarnave DOC located within Romania? What style of wines does it specialize in?

A

In Transylvania

Specializes in high acid white wines from Feteasca grapes and Traminer Rosé

77
Q

What DOC of Romania produces wines that are the country’s most famous vinous product, having once enjoyed a reputation on par with Tokaji? Within what larger region is this? What is the star grape?

A

Cotnari DOC within Moldavia

Grasa de Cotnari

78
Q

Which two DOCs of Romania are gaining a reputation for Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir? Within what larger region is this? Which of the two is known for producing traditional late harvest wines from Chardonnay?

A

Dealu Mare within Muntenia-Oltenia

Murfatlar within Dobrogea (late harvest Chardonnay made here)

79
Q

What are the 3 main wine regions of Slovenia? Which borders Friuli in Italy?

A

Primorska (borders Friuli)
Podravje
Posavje

80
Q

What are the 4 subregions of Primorska in Slovenia?

A

Goriska Brda
Kras
Koper
Vipava

81
Q

What does Brda translate to referring to Goriska Brda?

A

Brda means hills

82
Q

What do Goriska Brda and Kras become respectively across the Italian border?

A

Goriska Brda becomes Collio Goriziano

Kris becomes Carso

83
Q

What are the top two producers in Slovenia?

A 
Ales Kristancic (Movia)
Josko Gravner
84
Q

What are Refosco, Ribolla Gialla, and Pinot Gris called in Slovenia?

A

Refosk, Rebula, and Sivi Pinot

85
Q

What are the top two red international grapes of Primorska in Slovenia?

A

Cabernet and Merlot

86
Q

What are the top two white indigenous grapes of Primorska?

A

Pinela and Zelen

87
Q

What is the name of Slovenia’s largest wine region and what style of wine does it specialize in?

A

Podravje

Specializes in white wines

88
Q

What are Welschriesling, Gewürztraminer, and Riesling called in Slovenia?

A

Laski Rizling
Diseci Traminer
Renski Rizling

89
Q

What are the top two international white grapes planted in Podravje in Slovenia?

A

Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

90
Q

What is Welschriesling called in Croatia?

A

Grasevina

91
Q

What white grape accounts for over half of Croatia’s vineyard acreage?

A

Grasevina (Welschriesling)

92
Q

What are the two winemaking zones of Croatia?

A

Istria

Dalmatia

93
Q

What are the top two indigenous red grapes of Croatia?

A

Plavac Mali

Crljenak Kastelanski

94
Q

What is the name of Mike Grgich’s estate in Croatia? What is the sub zone and region in Croatia that it is located in? Star grape?

A

Grgic Vina

Dingac sub zone of Dalmatia

95
Q

What region in Slovakia is contiguous with Tokaj in Hungary?

A

Tokajská

96
Q

What are the two principle wine regions of the Czech Republic?

A

Moravia and Bohemia

97
Q

What is Blaufränkisch called in the Czech Republic?

A

Frankovka

98
Q

What is the Czech Republic equivalent of the Oechsle scale?

A

Czecho-Slovak Normalized Must Weight Scale (NM)

99
Q

What are the only 3 white grapes that qualify for VOC Znojmo in Czech Republic?

A

Grüner Veltliner
Sauvignon Blanc
Riesling

100
Q

What is the appellation system in the Czech Republic called?

A

Vína Originální Certifikace (VOC)

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